三阴性乳腺癌与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞

Triple-negative breast cancer and tumor-associated macrophages

三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)因缺乏明显的标志物及有效的靶向治疗,是乳腺癌亚型中侵袭性及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤。肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)是癌症的重要组成部分,而肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)是TME中占比最高的免疫细胞。TAMs可以极化为抑制肿瘤的M1型和促进肿瘤的M2型TAMs,二者在一定条件下可以相互转化。M1型TAMs通过促进炎症和免疫反应发挥抗肿瘤活性。M2型TAMs通常表达高水平的细胞因子、生长因子和蛋白酶,支持其致癌功能。TAMs在TNBC中的作用机制正在被阐明。纳米药物载体的抗肿瘤作用可以促进M2型向M1型TAMs转化或直接靶向M2型TAMs从而杀伤癌细胞。未来靶向TAMs可能成为TNBC辅助治疗的重要策略。

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most aggressive and mortality malignant tumor among breast cancer subtypes due to the lack of specific markers and effective targeted therapies.Tumor microenvironment(TME)is an important component of cancer,and tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are the most abundant immune cells within the TME.TAMs can polarize into tumor-suppressing M1-type and tumor-promoting M2-type macrophages,which can interconvert under certain conditions.M1-type TAMs exhibit antitumor activity by promoting pro-inflammatory and immune responses.M2-type TAMs typically express high levels of cytokines,growth factors,and proteases that support their pro-tumorigenic functions.The role of TAMs in TNBC is being elucidated.The anti-tumor effects of nanodrug carriers can promote the conversion of M2-type to M1-type TAMs or directly target M2-type TAMs to kill cancer cells.Targeting TAMs may become an important strategy for adjuvant therapy in TNBC in the future.