肺腺癌基因突变的研究进展

Research progress on gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma

肺腺癌的常见驱动基因主要包括表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因、间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)基因、Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒基因同源物(Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homology,KRAS)基因和c-ros原癌基因1酪氨酸激酶(c-ros proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase,ROS1)基因。近年来,随着分子信号通路研究不断深入,基于分子标志物和分子分型的靶向治疗取得了重大进展,其治疗模式逐渐转变为以驱动基因为导向的精准治疗。靶向治疗的效果虽显著,但经靶向治疗的患者几乎均在治疗半年至1年后出现耐药现象。免疫治疗是目前另一研究热点,免疫治疗虽然起效慢,但疗效持久,恰能与靶向治疗相互弥补,二者结合是一种富有前景的抗耐药治疗方式。

The common driver genes om lung adenocarcinoma mainly include epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK),Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homology(KRAS),and c-ros proto-oncogene 1 tyrosine kinase(ROS1).In recent years,with the deepening of research on molecular signaling pathways,targeted therapy based on molecular markers and molecular typing has made great progress,gradually changing the treatment model into precision therapy guided by diver genes.Although the effects of targeted therapy are significant,almost all patients develop resistance after 6 months to 1 year of treatment.Immunotherapy is currently another research hotspot.Although immunotherapy takes effect slowly,its effects are long-lasting,which can complement targeted therapy.The combination of the two is a promising approach for overcoming resistance in treatment.