藏药“叶格兴”的基原及化学成分、药理活性研究进展

The Basis and Progress on Chemical Structure,Pharmacological Activity of Common Tibetan Medicine“Ye Ge Xing”

目的澄清常用藏药“叶格兴”的基原,考察其化学成分与药理活性,为规范临床用药、质量控制及资源的合理利用等提供依据。方法采用文献考证、植物分类学鉴定、化学成分考察、药理活性鉴定,结合资源分布及临床使用现状调查分析。结果藏药“叶格兴”涉及2科4属7种,即忍冬科接骨木属,菊科千里光属、合耳菊属、风毛菊属,文献记载的基原植物中最早使用的“叶格兴嘎保”即“白”者应是双花千里光、川西千里光;“叶格兴那保”即“黑”应为柳叶菜风毛菊及血满草;莱菔叶千里光(异叶千里光)、菊叶千里光(菊状千里光)、接骨草为云南、甘肃、川西习用、市场流通的主要代用品。叶格兴主要含萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸等化学成分;叶格兴黑者主要用于“愈创”,白者主要用于“消炎”与现代药理研究抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌等活性相对应。结论鉴于“叶格兴”的基原涉及到多种不同科属的植物,“叶格兴”已成为这些植物类药材的统称;据考证结果及化学成分、药理活性研究进展,从有利于规范临床用药、保证疗效和药材质量的角度,其名称和基原宜规范为:“■/叶格兴嘎保”(即白者),来源为双花千里光(红缨合耳菊)、川西千里光(川西合耳菊);“■/叶格兴那保”(即黑者),来源为柳叶菜风毛菊、血满草,莱菔叶千里光(异叶千里光)、菊叶千里光(菊状千里光)为各地代用品;接骨草作为独立药物。应加强各地方代用品的资源与使用现状调查、不同资源物种的药效物质基础及生物活性等的比较研究,规范其品种-名称-基原,以合理利用其资源。

Objective Clarify the basis of the commonly used Tibetan medicinal material"Ye Gexing",the chemical structure and pharmacological activity were investigated,then provide a basis for standardizing clinical medication,quality control,and rational use of resources.Methods Using literature research;plant taxonomy identification summary of chemical composition investigation and pharmacological activity identification,combined with resource distribution,clinical use status investigation and analysis.Results Tibetan medicine"Yegexing"involved 7 species in2 families,4 genera,that is Sambucus Linn.from Caprifoliaceae,Senecio L.,Synotis(C.B.Clarke)C.Jeffrey et Y.L.Chen,Saussurea DC.from Compositae.The earliest used"Yegexinggabao"or"white"should be Senecio dianthus.and Senecio solidagineus.in the literature;"Yegexingnabao"or"black"should be Saussurea epilobioides.and Sambucus adnate.;S.raphanifolius.(S.diversifolius.),S.chrysanthemoides.(S.laetus.).S.chinensis.are the main substitutes used in Yunnan,Gansu,and western Sichuan,and are commonly used in the market.Ye Gexing mainly contains terpenes,flavonoids,alkaloids,phenolic acids and other chemical components;Ye Gexing black is mainly used for"healing",white is mainly used for"anti-inflammatory",which corresponds to modern pharmacological research on anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial and other activities.Conclution In view of the fact that the origin of"Yegexing"involves a variety of plants from different families and genera,"Yegexing"has become a collective name for these plant medicinal materials.According to the lextual results and the research progress on chemical structure and pharmacological activity,from the perspective of conducive to standardizing clinical medication,ensuring efficacy and quality of medicinal materials,its name and variety should be standardized as:"■/Yegexinggabao"(that is,the white one),the source is S.dianthus.(S.erythropappa.),S.solidagineus.(S.solidaginea.),S.raphalanifolius.(S.diversifolius.),S.chrysanthemoides.(S.laetus.);"■/Yegexingnabao"(that is,the black one),the source is S.epilobioides.and S.adnata.and S.chinensis are independent medicines.We should strengthen the investigation of the resources and use status of substitutes in various places,the comparative research on the medicinal material basis and biological activity of different resource species,and standardize their varieties-names-bases to make rational use of their resources.