语言政策的话语嬗变:语言立法视角

A Diachronic Study of the Discourse of Chinese Language Policy:The Perspective of Language Legislation

本文基于积极话语分析的个体化研究和批评话语分析的述谓策略研究,提出国家语言立法中的意义建构分析框架,对宪法立法(1982-2023)以来语言政策意义建构的阶段性特征进行历时分析。研究发现:从概念意义维度上看,国家在语言立法中主要通过四大类动词述语建构经验意义,其在语言立法的不同时期具有动态性,体现对语言实践的制约性及其语言发展的导向性;从人际意义维度上看,动词述语主要体现对语言政策实施主体正面、隐性的评价,以社会评判资源为主,突显政府机关在语言立法中的重要性;从文化语境维度来看,国家逐步体现对民族/地方、国内及其国际语言社区文化交流的关注,体现国家语言立法中的和合文化价值。本文有助于更好地读解语言政策话语的意义建构,并为大数据时代语言文字的法治建设提供启示。

Based on individuation research from Positive Discourse Analysis and predication strategy from Critical Discourse Analysis,this paper presents an analytical framework for understanding meaning-making in language legislation.It probes into the characteristics of language policies in different periods since the enactment of Chinese language legislation(1982-2023)through a diachronic discourse analysis.It is found that,from the dimension of ideational meaning,the government mainly constructs experiential meaning using four major kinds of verbal predicates,which are dynamic over three different periods in language legislation,reflecting the regulatory and guiding functions of language practices.From the dimension of interpersonal meaning,the evaluative instances towards government agencies,primarily the category of social esteem,invariably imply a positive judgement of their importance in implementing language policy.From the dimension of cultural context,the cultural exchange of various language communities,including ethnic/regional,domestic,and international levels,is respectively focused in different periods of language legislation,rflecting the Chinese cultural tradition of harrmony in diversity.It may provide insights for the exploration of meaning construction in the discourse of language policy,and help with language legislation under the rule of law in the era of big data.