跨越古今纵横文乐——由“凉州”到“[梁州]类曲牌家族”发展历程考辨

Across Time and Genres:A Study on the Evolution from"Liangzhou"to the"Liangzhou Qupai Family"

最初以丝绸之路上地域称谓出现的“凉州”,因为人员的往来与沟通,在历史的演进中发生了一系列的变化。唐代多作为歌舞、诗歌,宋代作为词牌,而宋代以后作为曲牌用于散曲、戏曲创作之中的[凉州][梁州],不仅被持续性地传承下来,而且进一步产生多样性的变体,衍生出一个别具特色的“[梁州]类曲牌家族”,再经由以昆腔、高腔为代表的声腔剧种一直延续到当下,在较严格保持曲牌文辞格律的基础上形成了兼具稳定性与灵活性的音乐形态。这不仅充分体现了丝绸之路沿线地区在文化传播与交流的具体过程,而且说明了这种历史性传播与交流在中国传统曲牌音乐文化中形成的连锁性、持续性渗透与融合及其深远影响。这既是中国传统文化具有的一种特定模式,也体现了中国传统音乐发展出蔚为大观之体魄的一种重要途径。“[梁州]类曲牌家族”的发展脉络不是特例,而是典型,是缩影。只要深入传统,爬梳文献,就会发现,这样的现象应当具有普适性与典型性意义。

Initially appearing along the Silk Road as a regional name,"Liangzhou"underwent a series of transformations through historical progression driven by human interactions and communications.During the Tang dynasty,it was commonly featured in dances and poetry.By the Song dynasty,it had evolved into a cipai,and from the Song dynasty onwards,it served as a qupai used in sanqu and opera.It is not only being continuously passed down but also diversifying into various variants,thus giving rise to the distinct"Liangzhouqupai family".This family of tunes sustained by vocal forms such as Kunqu and Gaoqiang operas even up to the present day,maintains a strict adherence to the lyrical and rhythmic rules of Qupai while also embracing stability and flexibility in its musical form.This reflects the specific processes of cultural transmission and exchange along the Silk Road and illustrates the chain of continuity,pervasive integration,and profound impact of such historic interactions in the realm of traditional Chinese Qupai musical culture.This is not only a unique mode of traditional Chinese culture but also a significant path through which Chinese traditional music has developed its impressive stature.The development trajectory of the"Liangzhouqupai family"is not an exception but a typical example,a microcosm.As long as we delve deep into traditions and explore historical documents,such phenomena should exhibit universality and representativeness.