眉户声腔:概念内涵与意义延展

Mei Hu Tune:Concept and Significance

眉户音乐在丝绸之路的传播流变,形成清末以来西北各地曲艺和小戏剧种的共性特征,呈现为扩布性同源声腔系统。根据其声腔类属的性质与基本剧种构成,可将眉户声腔的概念内涵初步界定为明清俗曲与传统秦地音声融合而成的综合形态,也即“秦声”概念下属弦索腔系统的小戏声腔。广义的眉户声腔,指我国西北地区及丝路沿线戏曲、曲艺、民歌和器乐曲调中的眉户风格旋律体系,狭义的眉户声腔,指各地眉户曲、剧种中的同源旋律曲调群及相应的眉户腔系曲种或剧种。此处所涉眉户声腔的意义延展,指其在南北融合中形成明清俗曲在地化之后的“秦声新风”,在传承传播中形成“秦声声群”次级结构下串联丝绸之路的民间小戏音乐文化纽带,在创新发展中形成延安时期新秧歌剧的主要音乐来源,在民族认同中形成丝路北线各民族音乐文化多元一体的典型例证。

The music of Mei Hu,as it spread along the Silk Road,formed the common characteristics of various local operas in Northwest China since the end of the Qing Dynasty,presenting as an expansive and homogenous vocal system.Based on its nature and the fundamental composition the Mei Hu vocal system can be defined as an integrated form of Qin folk songs and music from the Ming and Qing Dynasties,also known as the opera vocal system of the "Qin Voice".In a broad sense,the Mei Hu vocal style refers to the system of Mei Hu-style melodies found in operas,folk music along the Silk Road and Northwestern China.In a narrow sense,it specifically denotes the homogenous melody groups in various local Mei Hu songs and drama genres,and the corresponding vocal operas or drama types.Here,it refers to the "New Wind of Qin Voice" that integrated southern and northern cultures during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It creates a cultural link between folk music and dramas along the Silk Road,becoming the primary music source during the Yan'an period's new opera,and exemplifying the multicultural unity of music cultures among ethnic groups along the Silk Road in the context of national identity.