“以歌舞演故事”——从乐舞与百戏的结合再溯戏曲之源

Telling Stories through Song and Dance:Tracing Yuewu and Baixi in Han Dynasty

汉代百戏与戏曲有着不解之缘,以往学者常常从戏剧扮演的角度将百戏视为戏曲的萌芽形态,较少关注百戏和戏曲共有的音乐形态。若根据戏曲“以歌舞演故事”的定义,则可以将戏曲的本质属性总结为“乐戏结合”形态,那么从该形态再溯戏曲之源,得到的就是同样以“乐戏结合”为主要呈现形态的百戏。如此,也可反推汉代乐舞和百戏的结合是否影响了其后戏曲的发展演变和成熟定型?故文章试从汉代百戏和乐舞的结合再次考察百戏和戏曲之间的联系,期望从“乐戏结合”的视角对戏曲之源有新的认识。

The baixi(Hundred Plays)of the Han dynasty is bonded with Chinese opera,which scholars often regard as the embryonic form of Chinese opera from the perspective of theatrical performance,paying less attention to the musical forms.If opera is defined as"telling stories through song and dance,"Chinese opera can be traced back to baixi.This retrospect prompts a reevaluation of whether the combination of yue'wu in the Han dynasty influenced the subsequent development of opera.This article re-examines the connection between baixi and yuexvu to gain new insights into the origins of Chinese opera from the perspective of a"music-drama combination."