“人类世资本主义”生态批判理论探析

Analysis of the Ecological Critical Theory of“Capitalism in the Anthropocene”

“人类世资本主义”是指“人类世”时代的资本积累活动急剧加速,扩大“物质变换裂缝”以至于逾越“行星边界”、引发严重生态危机乃至诸多领域复合型危机的一种当代资本主义新变化,其主要表现为“化石资本主义”“生态帝国主义”和“灾难资本主义”三种形态。三者相互交织,成为当代资本主义体系中生态崩溃的根源。要阻止“人类世资本主义”继续侵蚀人类自由发展的基础,必须依靠“环境无产阶级”领导生态革命,实现人类与自然共同发展的“人类世”生态社会主义战略愿景。在对“人类世资本主义”理论展开生态批判的过程中,生态马克思主义的话语表层结构和理论内涵得以丰富。然而,该理论同样存在不容忽视的局限,亟需立足马克思主义的科学立场予以回应。

“Capitalism in the Anthropocene”refers to a new change in contemporary capitalism in which capital accumulation activities have greatly accelerated in the Anthropocene era,expanding the“metabolic rift”to the point of transcending“planetary boundaries”,triggering serious ecological crises and even compound crises in various fields.It mainly manifests itself in three forms:“Fossil Capitalism”“Ecological Imperialism”and“Catastrophe Capitalism”.The interweaving of the three forms becomes the source of the ecological collapse in the contemporary capitalist system.In order to prevent“Capitalism in the Anthropocene”from continuing to erode the foundation of free human development,we must rely on the“Environmental Proletariat”to lead the ecological revolution and realize the strategic vision of eco-socialism in the“Anthropocene”for the codevelopment of humankind and nature.In the process of carrying out ecocriticism of the theory of“Capitalism in the Anthropocene”,the discursive surface structure and theoretical capacity of Eco-Marxism have been enriched.However,the ecocritical theory of“Capitalism in the Anthropocene”also has limitations that cannot be ignored,and we urgently need to respond from the standpoint of Marxist scientific.