耕整播农机装备触土部件表面耐磨强化研究进展

Research progress in surface wear resistance strengthening of soil contact components in tillage and sowing agricultural machinery equipment

耕整播农机装备是影响中国耕地耕种作业质量与效益的关键农机装备,随着农业机械化的快速发展,耕整播农机装备对其配套的旋耕刀、犁铧、深松铲、耙片、开沟器等触土部件耐磨性和使用寿命提出了更高的要求。该研究系统分析了触土部件主要的磨损失效形式及磨损机理,综述了提高触土部件耐磨性常用的表面熔覆、表面堆焊处理、表面热喷涂、激光表面强化处理、化学热处理、钎涂等表面处理工艺,从磨损机理、材料研发、结构设计和制造工艺4个方面对比分析了国内外技术差距,针对现阶段耕整播触土部件失效机理、材料、结构、工艺等短板环节的难点问题,从触土部件耐磨性、基体及涂层材料、结构设计、工艺体系研究方面展望农机触土部件未来研发方向,拟为表面耐磨强化的相关研究和工程应用提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Cultivation and sowing agricultural machinery equipment plays a pivotal role in influencing the quality and efficiency of cultivation operations across 133 million hectares of arable land in China.The rapid advancement of agricultural mechanization has led to heightened demands for enhanced wear resistance and extended service life of soil-engaging components in cultivation and sowing agricultural machinery,including rotary tillers,plowshares,deep loosening shovels,rake blades,and trenchers.Consequently,there is a paramount need to bolster research efforts aimed at enhancing the surface wear resistance of soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery and equipment.Building upon this premise,this study provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status regarding the enhancement of surface wear resistance in soilengaging components within agricultural machinery and equipment.Initially,the primary forms of wear and failure in soilengaging components of agricultural machinery and equipment are elucidated,encompassing abrasive wear,fatigue wear,and corrosion wear.Concurrently,the wear mechanisms of soil-engaging components in agricultural machinery,influenced by external factors such as abrasive particle shape,external load,soil moisture content,and pH value,are delineated,alongside an overview of diverse research methodologies concerning these mechanisms.Subsequently,detailed elaboration is provided on the progress in research and development of surface treatment processes,including surface melting,welding,thermal spraying,laser surface strengthening,chemical heat treatment,and brazing.Furthermore,an exploration and analysis of the disparity in wear resistance and strengthening technology for soil-engaging components between China and foreign nations are conducted from four perspectives:wear mechanism,material research and development,structural design,and manufacturing processes.Although domestic enterprises and researchers have conducted significant research,a noticeable disparity persists between soilengaging components in domestic tillage and broadcasting equipment and their foreign counterparts.The research and development system remains imperfect,and there is a misalignment between promotion and application,thus hindering the formation of an internationally competitive industry chain for wear-resistant soil-engaging components.Finally,addressing the current challenges and deficiencies in the failure mechanisms,materials,structures,and processes of soil-engaging components in tillage and sowing machinery,this paper discusses the research and development directions aimed at enhancing wear resistance in agricultural machinery and equipment.1)Enhance research on the wear resistance of soil-engaging components in diverse operational environments of tillage and sowing machinery;2)Utilizing tribological theory,analyze the interaction laws of"environment,component,and material,"thereby intensifying the development and research of substrate and coating materials for soil-engaging components;3)Improve the optimization design of soil-engaging component structures to fulfill requirements for wear resistance,longevity,drag reduction,and lightweight properties;4)To ensure the synchronized attainment of precision,strength,toughness,wear resistance,and prolonged service life in soil-engaging components,research on the process system of such components will be fortified,thereby furnishing theoretical foundations and technical support for research and engineering applications pertaining to enhancing surface wear resistance.