布鲁诺·鲍威尔:马克思早期哲学思想发展的“同路人”

Bruno Bauer:The“Companions”in the Development of Marx’s Early Philosophical Thought

马克思早期哲学思想是马克思哲学发展过程中的一个重要阶段。青年马克思与黑格尔、青年黑格尔派之间的关系及演变发展是对马克思早期哲学思想研究的一个重点。布鲁诺·鲍威尔是青年黑格尔派的主要代表人物之一,他的思想对青年马克思的影响虽然被学界认同,却有所低估。原因有二:一是研究者对鲍威尔著作缺乏直接的了解,而在马克思的文本中,大多体现的是他对鲍威尔的批判;二是研究者把目光更多地放在了黑格尔、费尔巴哈对马克思早期哲学的影响上。事实上,1837—1841年是马克思与鲍威尔的亲密期。从历史和逻辑相统一的角度,就布鲁诺·鲍威尔对马克思的影响进行深度分析,可以看出,这期间,鲍威尔对青年马克思的影响是非常显著的,在当时他有着进步性质的自我意识的哲学思想为马克思最终超出黑格尔思辨哲学、建构新世界观的全新境域提供了重要的理论启迪。

Marx’s early philosophical thought is an important stage in the development of Marx’s philosophy.The relationship and evolution between young Marx and Hegel,as well as the Young Hegelianism,is a key focus in the study of Marx’s early philosophical thoughts.Bruno Bauer is one of the main representatives of Young Hegelian thought.His influence on young Marx,while acknowledged,has been somewhat underestimated.There are two reasons for this.Firstly,researchers do not have a direct understanding of Bauer’s works,and most of Marx’s texts only reflect his criticism of Bauer.Secondly,researchers pay more attention to the influence of Hegel and Feuerbach on Marx’s early philosophy.In fact,the time from 1837 to 1841 was the intimate period between Marx and Bauer.From the perspective of the unification of history and logic,it can be seen from an in-depth analysis of Bruno Bauer’s influence on Marx that during this period,Bauer’s influence on young Marx is very significant.Bauer’s philosophy of self-consciousness with progressive nature at that time provided important theoretical inspiration for Marx to go beyond Hegelian speculative philosophy and construct a new worldview.