国土空间规划视域下国家公园适宜范围识别研究——以拟建洞庭湖国家公园为例

Suitable Scope Identification of National Parks Based on Perspectives of Territorial Spatial Planning Strategies:A Case Study of the Proposed Dongting Lake National Park

国家公园范围边界是平衡社会经济发展和生态保护的重要界线,作为国家公园设立的基础,范围识别是关系国家公园规划和建设管理能否顺利实施的先决条件,是其保护对象和管理目标的最直接体现。为科学识别国家公园范围,提出一套基于对生态系统原真性、生态系统完整性和管理可操作多重考虑的范围识别方法,并以拟建洞庭湖国家公园为例进行实证分析。研究结果表明:(1)选取生态系统原真性、生态系统完整性和可操作性三方面指标构建评价指标体系,进行叠加分析,识别国家公园范围,弥补了国家公园范围识别生态保护导向单一的不足。(2)研究区内生态系统原真性区域面积不大,仅1 165.46 km~2;维持了较好的生态系统完整性,完整性指数平均值为0.45;可操作性评价结果显示国家权属且属保护地所在空间的可行性指数较高。(3)洞庭湖国家公园适宜划定范围为2 145.7 km~2,包括了东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖三大片区,其中核心保护区205.8 km~2。可尝试动态评估自然生态系统原真性和完整性,并将国家公园纳入更大的保护地网络,为国家公园的创建和管护提供理论及实践借鉴。

The scope of national parks is an important boundary that balances social-economic development and ecological protection.As the establishment foundation of national parks,the scope identification is a prerequisite for the smooth implementation of the planning,construction and management of national parks,and is the most direct embodiment of its protection objects and management objectives.In order to scientifically identify the scope of national parks,a set of range identification methods based on multiple considerations of ecosystem authenticity,ecosystem integrity and management operability were proposed,taking the proposed Dongting Lake National Park as an example for empirical analysis.The results can be detailed as follows.(1) Three indexes of ecosystem authenticity,ecosystem integrity and operability were selected to construct an evaluation index system,and the normalized superposition analysis was carried out to identify the scope of national parks,making up for the deficiency of the single orientation of ecological protection in the scope of national parks identification.(2) The area of ecosystem authenticity in the studied area was not large,with being only 1 165.46 km~2;the studied area maintained good ecosystem integrity,the average integrity index was 0.45,and the results of operability evaluation showed that the feasibility index of the space with national ownership and protected area was high.(3) The suitable demarcated area of the Dongting Lake National Park was 2 145.7 km~2,including three major areas:the East Dongting Lake,the West Dongting Lake and the South Dongting Lake,of which the core protection area was 205.8 km~2.Attempts can be made to dynamically assess the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems and to integrate national parks into a larger network of protected areas to provide theoretical and practical lessons for the creation and management of national parks.