湘江流域制造业企业时空演化特征及影响因素

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Enterprise Evolution in Xiangjiang River Basin

湘江流域作为国家重要先进制造业高地的核心区域和国家流域环境污染综合治理的重点试验区,如何促进其制造业绿色高质量可持续发展是值得探讨的重要议题。本文运用空间统计分析和地理探测器等方法探析了湘江流域1978—2021年制造业企业时空演化特征及影响因素,结果表明:(1)流域制造业企业总量和增量均呈增长趋势,具有明显的阶段性特征;结构则由污染型为主转型为以清洁型为主,但污染型企业仍占一定比重。(2)传统机械制造业逐步向高附加值、低污染的装备制造业演进,产业升级态势明显,但流域制造业结构整体仍以重化工业为主,并呈下游“重”于中上游的区段差异特征。(3)流域制造业企业集聚度提升,集聚程度沿江自下游向上游递减,空间分布态势由以长株潭三市中心城区为核心,衡阳市为次级增长极的“一核一极”格局演进为以长株潭三市中心城区为核心,以核心边缘“宁乡—湘乡—醴陵—浏阳—湘阴”连接带为环带,以邵阳、衡阳为次级增长极的“一核一带两极”格局。(4)基于“污染—要素”密集程度划分的6大类型制造业企业多以下游长株潭都市圈为核心,呈资本和技术密集型往核心集聚、劳动和污染密集型往环带和中上游扩散集聚的趋势。(5)政策扶持和创新能力对湘江流域制造业企业快速增长阶段布局影响较强,生产成本、自然条件和城市功能次之,社会经济因素影响较弱。但受产业特性影响,不同因子对不同类型制造业的影响程度存在明显差异。

The Xiangjiang River Basin is the core region of China's important advanced manufacturing industry and a key experimental area for comprehensive management of basin environmental pollution.It is worth exploring how to promote the green,high-quality,and sustainable development of its manufacturing industry.This study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of manufacturing enterprises in the Xiangjiang River Basin from 1978 to 2021 using spatial statistical methods and the geographic detector model.The results are as follows.(1) The total number and increment of manufacturing enterprises in the basin have shown a growing trend with distinct periodic characteristics.The structure has shifted from being predominantly pollution-oriented to being primarily clean-oriented,but pollution-oriented enterprises still account for a certain proportion.(2) The traditional mechanical manufacturing industry is gradually evolving into a high value-added and low-pollution equipment manufacturing industry,indicating a clear trend of industrial upgrading.However,heavy chemical industry still dominates the overall manufacturing structure in the basin,and there are regional differences with downstream areas having a greater concentration of heavy industry compared to the midstream and upstream regions.(3) The concentration of manufacturing enterprises in the basin decreases from downstream to upstream.The spatial distribution pattern has evolved from a “one core,one growth pole” structure with the central areas of Changsha,Zhuzhou,and Xiangtan as the core and Hengyang as the secondary growth pole,to a pattern with the core areas of Changsha,Zhuzhou,and Xiangtan and the peripheral areas of “Ningxiang-Xiangxiang-Liling-Liuyang-Xiangyin” forming a circular belt,and the Shaoyang and Hengyang areas as secondary growth poles,resulting in a “one core,one belt,two poles” pattern.(4) The six types of manufacturing enterprises,classified based on the degree of pollution-factor intensity,are mostly concentrated in the downstream Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area.There is a trend of capital and technology-intensive enterprises agglomerating towards the core,while labor and pollution-intensive enterprises disperse and concentrate in the peripheral areas and midstream and upstream regions.(5) Policy support and innovation capacity have a strong impact on the spatial layout of manufacturing enterprises during the rapid growth stage in the Xiangjiang River Basin.Production costs,natural conditions,and urban functions follow in importance,while socioeconomic factors have a weaker influence.However,due to the characteristics of the industry,the impact of different factors varies significantly among different types of manufacturing industries.