清帝陵须弥座营造实践的研究

Research on Construction and Practice of the Sumeru Seat in the Imperial Mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty

须弥座传入中国后由佛像座用途推广至台基轮廓及小品装饰,历代记载主要关注于须弥座各组成部分的比例关系。在清帝陵中台基、下碱、基座等不同位置设有须弥座,并装饰以不同样式,多样的应用为须弥座营造实践的研究提供了可能。本文以清帝陵须弥座的分布、组成及构件为研究对象,参考文献记载,总结其配合组群关系形成而显现的多样性,营造时内部比例、建造方式展现的适应性,关注须弥座上纹样的变化,探寻其在时间上的流变关系,以及从宏观到微观形成对于清帝陵须弥座营造实践的全面研究。

After being introduced to China,the use of the Sumeru seat was extended from the base of the Buddha statue to the platforms.The historical records mainly focus on the proportional relationship between the components.In the imperial mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty,there are Sumeru seats on the platforms,base areas under the walls and pedestals.The practice in different positions provides the possibility for the research on the adaptive construction of Sumeru seat.This paper takes Sumeru seat in the imperial mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty as the research object,and refers to the literature.Comparing the composition and scale of the Sumeru seat,it summarizes the diversity that it has shown in the formation of group relations and the difference of different positions in the construction.And comparing its size and pattern,it shows a change in time.Based on this,it forms a comprehensive understanding of the construction of the Sumeru seat in the imperial mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty,and explores its development and construction rules.