清乾隆皇家园林中的“方池水庭”初探

A Preliminary Study on the Square Pool Courtyard Landscape in the Royal Gardens During the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty

“方池水庭”是乾隆时期皇家园林中流行的一种以方池作为园林殿庭水景的理水模式,是乾隆帝个人营园思想主导下皇家园林方池审美复兴、精神文人化的产物。在乾隆一朝御苑建设盛极一时的背景下,方池景观在审美层面接续发展,在设计层面推陈出新,突破了传统士流园林欣赏的一般境界,各种方池庭院成为乾隆帝本人营造精神空间、昭示个人政治理想的绝佳载体。通过对乾隆一朝可考的“方池水庭”景观案例的考察,结合清代御制诗文和样式雷图档等资料,探讨乾隆朝御苑池庭景观的独特审美价值和背后的形成演变动因。

Square Pool Courtyard is a popular water landscape mode in the royal gardens during the Qianlong period.It is the product of the aesthetic revival and spiritual literati of the royal gardens under the guidance of Emperor Qianlong's personal garden management style.With the prosperity of royal gardens,the Square Pool has made great progress in aesthetics and design,and has exceeded the general level of traditional literati Gardens.Square Pool Courtyards became the personal spiritual space of Emperor Qianlong,reflecting his political ideal.Through the investigation of the landscape cases of Square Pool Courtyards during the Qianlong period,combined with the relevant materials such as the imperial poems and design drawings in the Qing Dynasty,this paper discusses the aesthetic value and the underlying formation and evolution of the Square Pool Courtyards landscape.