永乐宫壁画中的建筑识别与元代民居建筑基因初探

Study on Architectural Identification and Dwellings of Yuan Dynasty in The Frescoes of Yongle Palace Murals

中国古代官式建筑由于遗址、遗迹尚存,文献资料相对详实、考古信息不断涌现,备受关注,而明以前的民居建筑研究却因一手材料信息的缺失,难以明辨。元代民居就是其中之一,由于案例匮乏,导致相关研究始终有限。因此,以永乐宫壁画这一元代画卷中所表达的建筑信息为基础,通过对壁画中建筑信息的辨识,分析元代民居的内外建筑构成要素与分布特征,理清其类型特点,探明其基因构成,以求揭示元代民居承宋启明过渡发展演进规律及其影响,补白元代民居建筑史研究的相关成果,为以永乐宫为主体的元代建筑史研究提供一个审视的新视角。

For there exists many historic sites and relics,along with the relatively detailed documentation and the consistent emergence of archaeological discoveries,Chinese official buildings has attracted much public attention.However,the lack of primary sources and information makes the dwellings constructed before Ming Dynasty tough to identify.For example,the cases of dwellings built in Yuan is so scarce that the scholars find difficulty in carrying out related studies.Therefore,based on the architectural information expressed by the murals of the Yongle Palace which was painted during Yuan Dynasty,this article conducts a comprehensive investigation and study of the architectural parts of the murals.By analyzing the constituent elements and spatial layout features of the dwellings of Yuan Dynasty,it also sorts out their typological characteristics,spatial prototype and genetic composition.On this basis,this paper reveals the changing process and influence of the dwellings of Yuan Dynasty,and hence provides a new perspective for the further study of the architectural history of Yuan Dynasty which regards Yongle Palace as the dominant object.