以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时草鱼摄食、生长及抗氧化能力对饲料蛋白质含量的响应研究

Response of Grass Carp Feeding,Growth,and Antioxidant Capacity to Dietary Protein Content Using Yellow Mealworm as The Main Protein Source

实验旨在探究以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时草鱼摄食、生长及抗氧化能力对饲料蛋白含量的响应。以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源,分别设计6组不同蛋白质水平(25.25%、29.43%、33.38%、37.96%、41.40%、45.70%,分别命名为TMF1、TMF2、TMF3、TMF4、TMF5组和TMF6组)的草鱼饲料,以初始体重(3.63±0.01)g的草鱼苗为实验对象进行为期8周的养殖实验,探究不同黄粉虫蛋白质水平对草鱼生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:(1)不同黄粉虫的添加量除了对存活率和饲料效率的影响不显著外(P>0.05),草鱼的特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率都会随着黄粉虫添加量的增加而减少,且TMF1组的上述指标均显著高于TMF4、TMF5和TMF6组(P<0.05),草鱼的摄食率则随着黄粉虫添加量的增加呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;(2)不同黄粉虫含量的饲料对草鱼的肥满度和空壳率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但草鱼的肝体比和肠脂比会随着黄粉虫含量的增加先上升后下降,TMF2组的肠脂比显著高于其他组(P<0.05);(3)草鱼血清中的总蛋白含量随着黄粉虫添加量的增加先上升后下降,TMF4组的总蛋白含量除与TMF3组相近外,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),胆固醇则是在TMF1组显著低于其他组,谷草转氨酶活性在TMF4和TMF6组显著高于TMF1、TMF2和TMF3组(P<0.05),而三酰甘油含量则是随着黄粉虫的添加量的增加而降低,且TMF1组三酰甘油含量显著高于TMF5和TMF6组(P<0.05),血糖含量仅在TMF1组高于TMF2组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)草鱼肝胰脏的超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性随着黄粉虫添加量的增加而降低,其中TMF1组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),但是黄粉虫添加量的增加对过氧化氢酶的活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究表明,草鱼饲料中以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时,其蛋白质含量不宜超过25.25%,较高的黄粉虫添加量对草鱼的摄食、生长和抗氧化性能产生负面影响。

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of grass carp feeding,growth,and antioxidant capacity to dietary protein content when using yellow mealworms as the main protein source.With yellow mealworms as the main protein source,6 experimental diets with different protein level(25.25%,29.43%,33.38%,37.96%,41.40%and 45.70%,named as TMF1,TMF2,TMF3,TMF4,TMF5,and TMF6 group,respectively)were designed.The grass carp juveniles with initial weight of(3.63±0.01)g were fed with the experimental diets for 8 weeks.The results are as follows:①the specific growth rate,weight gain rate,and protein efficiency ratio of grass carp decreased with the increase of yellow mealworm addition,all of which were significantly higher in TMF1 group than those in FMF4,TMF5 and TMF6 groups(P<0.05),the feeding rate showed a first increasing and then decreasing trend,while the survival rate and feed efficiency were not affected(P>0.05)by dietary mealworm addition.②Different levels of dietary yellow mealworm inclusion had no significant effect on the condition factor and percentage of eviscerated weight of grass carp(P>0.05),but the hepatopancreas somatic index and mesenteric fat index of grass carp increased first and then decreased with the increase of yellow mealworm content.The mesenteric fat index of TMF2 group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).③The total protein,content in the serum of grass carp first increased and then decreased with the increase of yellow mealworms content.And the total protein content in the TMF4 group was significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05),but was not different from that in TMF3 group.The serum cholesterol content in TMF1 group was significantly lower than that in other groups,and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in TMF4 and TMF6 group was significantly higher than that in TMF1,TMF2 and TMF3 group(P<0.05),while the content of triglyceride decreased significantly with the increase of the amount of yellow mealworms,which was significantly higher in the TMF1 group than those in TMF5 and TMF6 groups(P<0.05).The serum glucose in TMF1 group was significantly higher than that in TMF2 group(P<0.05),no other difference in serum glucose was observed.④The activities of SOD,T-AOC,MDA and GSH-Px in grass carp hepatopancreas decreased with the increase of yellow mealworms,and the GSH-Px activity as well the MDA content were significantly higher in TMF1 group than in other groups(P<0.05).However,the CAT activity did not vary significantly among groups(P>0.05).This study shows that the protein level of grass carp diet should not be more than 25.25%when yellow mealworms was used as the main protein source,and the increase of dietary yellow mealworms inclusion would depress the feeding,growth,and antioxidant performance of grass carp.