湖北云梦县郑家湖墓地M274葬具木材研究

Research on Funerary Wood Materials from Tomb M274 in Zhengjiahu of Yunmeng County in Hubei Province

云梦郑家湖C区墓葬均为战国晚期至西汉初的秦文化中小型饱水墓葬。其中M274一棺一椁制且规模较小,从形制规模和随葬品来看,墓主人应当为一名下层吏士。本文作者从M274的棺、椁上分别取样9份,除去一份腐烂严重无法鉴定,其余8份鉴定结果均为紫葳科梓属(Catalpa sp.)。综合文献记载和考古发现,我们认为春秋战国时期,人们已经开始应用梓木,且梓木是楚地乡土树种,就地取材作为棺椁很合理,但当时梓木葬具还不是高等贵族的专属。西汉及以后,梓木葬具与社会等级之间的关系得到强调。

The tombs in Area C of Zhengjiahu in Yunmeng county are all small-scale fully waterlogged Qin cultural tombs from the late Warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty.Among them,Tomb M274,which consists of an inner coffin and an outer coffin,is relatively small in scale.Judging from the shape,size,and burial objects,the tomb occupant might be a lower-ranking official or officer.Samples were taken from the inner coffin and outer coffin of M274,with 9 samples in total.Except for one sample that was severely decayed and could not be identified,the remaining 8 samples were identified as Catalpa species from the Bignoniaceae family.Based on historical records and archaeological discoveries,it is believed that during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period,people had already started using Catalpa wood.As Catalpa trees were indigenous to the Chu region,it was reasonable to use them for making coffins.However,during the Warring States period,Catalpa wood burial items were not exclusive to high-ranking nobles.It was only during the Western Han Dynasty and later periods that the association between Catalpa wood burial items and social hierarchy was emphasized.