辽墓中所见茶盏托的类型学探究

Study on the Typology of Tea Cup Holders Unearthed in Tombs of Liao Dynasty

茶盏托作为辽代重要的饮食器具,是研究辽代饮茶文化发展及地域性特征的重要资料。本文以辽代墓葬中出土遗物及“饮茶题材”壁画中所见茶盏托为研究对象,重点剖析器物类型,同时结合出土年限将其形制演变划分为“五型三期”。其主要演变规律为“器型的合二为一”和“装饰的由繁入简”,这既是茶具专用化的重要体现,也说明了其实用性特征。此外,由于饮茶文化传播途径的约束,辽代茶盏托集中出现在冀北和辽西地区,与宋辽间交通驿道的畅通密切相关。

As an important food utensil in Liao Dynasty,the tea cup holder is an important material to study the development and regional characteristics of tea drinking culture in Liao Dynasty.In this paper,the artifacts unearthed from the tombs of the Liao Dynasty and tea cup holder seen in the murals of the "tea-drinking theme" are taken as the research objects,and the types of utensils are analyzed emphatically.At the same time,combined with the unearthed years,the evolution of its shape is divided into "five types and three periods".Its main evolution rules are "the combination of two types of utensils into one" and "the decoration from complex to simple",which not only reflects the specialization of tea utensils,but also shows its practical characteristics.In addition,due to the constraints of the spread of tea culture,the tea cup holders in the Liao Dynasty were concentrated in the northern Hebei and western Liaoning regions,which was closely related to the smooth flow of traffic routes between the Song and Liao dynasties.