土洋结合:近代中国棉纺织技术演化的路径选择

Combination of the Native and Foreign:Approaches of Cotton Textile Technology Evolution in Modern China

棉纺织技术是近代中国最早实现现代化的技术之一,然而关于西方“洋”技术如何实现本土化却引发了争议。借助技术演化理论可以发现,本土棉纺织技术与西方“洋”技术共同作用下的“土洋结合”,构成了近代中国棉纺织技术演化的脉络。所以,首先需要对本土棉纺织技术作细致梳理,揭示“土洋结合”的必然性,然后围绕“土洋结合”中的牵伸机构、织机、织布展开说明,分析其中的技术演化因素与时代背景,还原其“土洋结合”的主要内容,并进一步探讨“土洋结合”所产生的原因。总体来看,在技术演化的视域下,正是基于“土洋结合”的路径选择,西方“洋”技术才能够逐渐融入古老的中华技术文明,与本土传统的棉纺织技术实现融合。

Cotton textile technology is one of the earliest technologies to realize modernization in modern China.However,how to realize the localization of western "foreign" technology aroused controversy.With the theory of evolution of technology,the "combination of the native and foreign" constituted the context of evolution of technology in modern China under the joint action of local cotton textile technology and western "foreign" technology.This paper provides a detailed overview of cotton textile technology,reveals the inevitability of the "combination of the native and foreign",then explains the drafting mechanism,weaving machine and cloth weaving accordingly.Besides,it analyzes the factors of technological evolution and the times,restates the main contents of the "combination of the native and foreign",and further discusses the causes of the "combination of the native and foreign".In general,from the perspective of evolution of technology,it is based on the approaches of the "combination of the native and foreign" that western "foreign" technologies can be localized and better integrated with local technologies.