论真诚义务的无条件性及法权的实践与历史维度——基于康德“说谎问题”

On the Unconditionality of the Duty of Truth and the Practical and Historical Dimen-sion of Kant’s Right-Based on Kant’s Problem of Lying

在《论出自人类之爱而说谎的所谓法权》一文中,康德对真诚义务的无条件性的坚持引发了学界的争论。学界对该问题的讨论大致呈现法权与道德两种路径。本文在法权路径的基础上引入了康德历史哲学的视角,以回答一项无条件的法权义务如何在经验中被理解的问题。本文前半部分探究真诚义务在法权上的证成,以及《论出自人类之爱而说谎的所谓法权》的深层的旨趣。一方面,无条件的真诚义务在康德的法权哲学中不但成立,而且必要;另一方面,康德坚持真诚义务的无条件性的意图是为纯粹的法权理念与实践哲学的实在性辩护。本文后半部分基于康德历史哲学的视角,通过自然目的论补足对康德的真诚义务的证成,试图表明这一义务及其实践哲学的实在性最终应当依靠其历史哲学中阐述的自然目的论得到保证。康德的说谎疑难应当在历史哲学的视角下给予解答。

In Kant’s essay‘On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy’,Kant’s insistence on the unconditionality of the duty of truth has sparked decades of confusion and controversy in the scholarly community.The scholarly discussionof the issue has broadly presented two paths of right and morality.This article introduces the perspective of Kant’s philosophy of history on the basis of the right path in order to answer how an unconditional duty of right can be understood empirically.The first half of the paper will explore the evidence of the duty of truth in right and the deeper aims of‘On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy’.On the one hand,the unconditional duty of truth is not only established but also necessary in Kant’s philosophy of right;on the other hand,Kant’s insistence on the unconditionality of the duty of truth is implicitly intended to justify the pure idea of right and to preserve the solidity of practical philosophy.In the second half of the paper,the paper will move into the perspec-tive of Kant’s philosophy of history,complementing the proof of the duty of truth with Kant’s theory of natural purpose,on the basis of which the solidity of the duty of truth,together with the solidity of Kant’s philosophy of practice,must ultimately be secured by the theory of natural purpose in Kant’s philosophy of history.problem of lying should be answered by Kant’s philosophy of history。