以色列历史文化遗产保护管理及《文物法》研究

Observation and Reflection on Protection and Management of Historical Cultural Heritage and Antiquities Law in Israel

以色列地处古代文明交汇之地,在其境内留存了非常丰富的历史文化遗产。1948年建国以来,以色列周边政治、军事局势非常复杂,在现代化、城市化和人口激增的共同影响下,其文化遗产的保护管理有一些非常鲜明的特点。本文首先梳理了以色列历史文化遗产保护管理部门和专业研究院所的发展现状,在此基础上进行了分析与思考:文化遗产的内涵与价值认知不断拓展,历史文化遗产保护与现代社会发展难以平衡,学术纯洁性与政治功用性之间的冲突凸显,文化遗产的真实性与完整性面临威胁。随后,对以色列《文物法》的历史沿革、主要内容和基本特点做了较为系统的综合性研究,并进一步分析了以色列历史文化遗产法律法规建设的困难与挑战。

Israel is located at the intersection of ancient civilizations and has a very rich historical and cultural heritage in its territory.Since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948,the political and military situation around Israel has been very complex,and under the influence of modernization,urbanization and population surge,there are some very distinctive characteristics in the field of the protection and management of its cultural heritage.Firstly,this paper sorts out the development of Israeli cultural heritage protection and management departments and professional research institutes,and summarizes the main characteristics: the continuous expansion of cultural heritage connotation and value cognition, the difficulties of bal-ance between historical cultural heritage protection and modern social development, the fierce conflict be-tween academic purity and political function, and the threat to the authenticity and integrity of cultural her-itage. Then, the paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study on the transformation, main contents and basic characteristics of the Antiquities Law of the State of Israel, as well as the difficulties and challen-ges which faced.