云南曲靖烤烟地下害虫绿色防控技术研究

Research on Green Prevention and Control Techniques for UndergroundPests of Flue-cured Tobacco in Qujing City of Yunnan Province

在云南曲靖烤烟种植区开展地下害虫种群调查,明确为害烤烟的地下害虫主要为小地老虎、细胸金针虫、蛴螬和蝼蛄,其主要分布在30 cm耕作层土壤中.利用本土虫生真菌资源金龟子绿僵菌菌株,创制了生防制剂——10亿孢子/g金龟子绿僵菌颗粒剂.在烤烟地起垄打塘时,撒施金龟子绿僵菌颗粒剂37.5~75.0 kg/hm^(2)对小地老虎和细胸金针虫等主要为害云南烤烟的地下害虫进行防治试验.结果发现,施药量为37.5 kg/hm^(2)和75.0 kg/hm^(2)的5 d后防效分别为83.65%和80.00%,而施药后40 d防效均保持在74.48%.金龟子绿僵菌颗粒剂在前期即对地下害虫起到良好的控制效果,与常规药剂处理防效相当,且绿僵菌制剂对烟苗生长无不良影响,具有促进烟苗生长的作用.

A survey was conducted on the population of underground pests in the tobacco planting area of Qujing,Yunnan.It was determined that the main underground pests that harm tobacco are Agrotis ypsilon,Agriotes fuscicollis Miwa,Grubs,and Mole Crickets,which are mainly distributed in the 30cm cultivated soil layer;Utilizing local entomogenous fungal resources,a strain of Metarhizium anisopliae,was developed to produce a biocontrol agent:1 billion spores/gram Metarhizium anisopliae granules,and the effectiveness of the control experiment was studied.The control experiment is to clarify the application of scarab green Metarhizium granules 37.5-75.0 kg/hm^(2)to control underground pests such as small ground tigers and fine chested golden needle beetles that mainly harm Yunnan tobacco during the ridge and pond construction of the tobacco field.The control effects were 83.65%and 80.00%after 5 days of application,respectively.The control effects remained at 74.48%after 40 days of application,achieving good control effects on underground pests in the early stage,which is equivalent to the control effects of conventional pesticide treatment;and the preparation of Metarhizium anisopliae has no adverse effects on the growth of tobacco seedlings,and has the effect of promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings.