地铁列车车门开启策略对区间疏散影响研究

Effect of subway train door opening strategies on passenger evacuation efficiency

当地铁列车发生火灾,采用区间人员疏散策略时,列车车门开启数量和组合形式对疏散效率的影响较大。本文提出8种车门开启策略,构建人员疏散模型并进行校验,基于模拟仿真开展对比分析。结果表明:单向疏散时,开启全部车门的疏散效率最高,比端门疏散高57%,比客室门疏散高33%;开启全部车门疏散时,车厢内流动性增强,经车厢1疏散的人数比客室门疏散增加了88%,车厢连接处易拥堵;双向疏散时,疏散方向最上游和最下游的车门流量最大,随着疏散人数增加,各车门流量表现出显著的不均衡性。

In the event of a subway train fire,the number and combination of train door openings have a significant impact on evacuation efficiency when using interval personnel evacuation strategies.This article proposes 8 door opening strategies,constructs a personnel evacuation model and verifies it,and conducts comparative analysis based on simulation.The results show that during one-way evacuation,the evacuation efficiency is highest when all doors are opened,which is 57%higher than the end door evacuation and 33%higher than the passenger compartment door evacuation;When all car doors are opened for evacuation,the mobility inside the carriage increases.The number of people evacuated through carriage one increases by 88%compared to the evacuation through the passenger compartment door,and the connection between carriages is prone to congestion;When evacuating in both directions,the flow rate of the doors in the upstream and downstream directions is the highest.As the number of evacuees increases,the flow rate of each door shows a significant imbalance.