就业结构视角下数字经济与共同富裕的实现——基于CFPS数据的实证

Digital Economy and the Realization of Common Prosperity from the Perspective of Employment Structure:Empirical Study Based on CFPS Data

数字经济是经济增长的重要引擎,是消除贫困、实现共同富裕的重要保障之一。基于2012-2020年中国25省(市、自治区)家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用双固定效应模型探究数字经济受区域、行业及劳动力技能的影响因素,研究发现:第一,数字经济发展对共同富裕及其各维度均有显著作用;第二,数字经济可以通过优化劳动力就业行业和就业技能结构促进共同富裕实现;第三,对于具有地理区位优势、技能密集型行业以及中技能劳动力集中的地区,数字经济对经济发展、收入公平与机会平等的福利作用更明显。基于此,现阶段要发挥数字经济对共同富裕的积极作用,一是促进数字经济纵深发展,推动数字经济技术创新、提高数字经济服务水平、弥合区域数字鸿沟;二是高度重视数字经济影响下就业结构升级对收入差距的扩大效应,要坚持市场化就业,扶持服务业及小微企业等稳岗扩岗从而帮助技能劳动力拓展就业机会,促进社会劳动力就业技能结构优化,保障高质量就业;三是加强区域间数字经济联系,在创造良好普惠的数字发展环境的同时,推动区域内与区域间数字技术交流,发挥数字经济发达地区的扩散效应;四是在数字经济对共同富裕影响效应存在行业、技能差异化的情况下,针对不同行业以及劳动力群体分类特点制定个性化帮扶政策。

The digital economy is an important engine of economic growth and one of the important guarantees for eliminating poverty and achieving common prosperity.Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 25 provinces(cities,autonomous regions)in China from 2012 to 2020,this study uses a double fixedeffect model to explore the factors affecting the digital economy by region,industry,and labor skills.The research found that:first,the stable development of the digital economy is of great significance for achieving common prosperity,and the mature application of digital technology is an important driving force for achieving common prosperity;second,the upgrading of employment industry structure and employment skills structure is an important path for the digital economy to promote overall prosperity and shared prosperity;third,in skill-intensive industries,areas with concentrated medium-skilled labor,and the central and eastern regions,the welfare effects of the digital economy on economic development,income equity,and equal opportunity are significant.Based on this,at this stage,to play a positive role in promoting common prosperity,we should first promote the in-depth development of the digital economy.We should promote technological innovation in the digital economy,improve the level of digital economy services,bridge regional digital divides,and allow people across the country to share the fruits of digital economic development.Second,we should attach great importance to the expansion effect of employment structure upgrading under the influence of the digital economy on income inequality,adhere to market-oriented employment,support the service industry and small and micro enterprises to expand employment opportunities,promote the optimization of the skill structure of social labor employment,and ensure high-quality employment.Third,we should strengthen interregional digital economic ties and create a good and inclusive digital development environment while promoting digital technology exchanges within and between regions,and give play to the diffusion effect of developed regions in the digital economy.Fourth,in the case of industry and skill differentiation in the impact of the digital economy on common prosperity,we should develop personalized assistance policies for different industries and labor groups based on their characteristics.