高水平太极拳运动员下肢功能不对称与蹬脚动作表现关联性研究

A Study on Correlation between Lower Limb Functional Asymmetry and Stomping Movement Performance in High-level Taijiquan Players

目的:探究高水平太极拳运动员下肢功能不对称与蹬脚动作表现的关联性。方法:采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台,测试单脚纵跳(Single-Leg Countermovement Jump,SLCMJ)、前跳(Single-Leg Broad Jump,SLBJ)、侧跳(Single-Leg Lateral Jump,SLLJ)和蹬脚动作,对下肢关节角度、关节活动度(Range of Motion,ROM)和重心位移量与不对称指数进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果:(1)不对称指数为SLCMJ(5.64)>SLBJ(4.2)>SLLJ(3.44);(2)优势侧与非优势蹬伸腿在提膝时刻的髋关节屈曲和膝关节旋内角度、在蹬伸时刻的髋关节屈曲和旋内角度、在蹬伸时段的膝关节屈伸、旋转ROM存在高度显著性差异(P<0.01);(3)优势侧与非优势蹬伸腿在提膝时刻的髋关节旋内角度、在蹬伸时刻的膝关节屈曲角度、在提膝时段的膝关节旋转ROM、在屈收时段的膝关节屈伸和旋转ROM存在显著性差异(P<0.05);(4)优势侧与非优势支撑腿在屈收时刻的膝关节屈曲角度、在落脚时段的踝关节旋转ROM和重心位移量在蹬伸时段的左右方向呈显著性差异(p<0.05);(5)下肢不对称指数与蹬伸腿和支撑腿的髋关节和膝关节旋内角度、非优势侧重心位移量左右方向呈极显著中度正相关;下肢不对称指数与蹬伸腿的髋关节屈曲角度、支撑腿髋关节屈曲角度、优势侧重心位移量前后方向呈极显著中度负相关。结论:高水平太极拳运动员优势侧相较于非优势侧支撑腿在蹬脚过程中具有较好的稳定性和平衡控制能力,非优势侧相较于优势侧蹬伸腿在提膝与蹬伸阶段髋、膝关节技术表现更好。因此,高水平太极拳运动员下肢功能不对称与蹬脚动作表现具有关联性。

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the functional asymmetry of the lower limbs and the performance of stomping movement in high-level Taijiquan players.Fourteen high-level Taijiquan players were tested with Vicon 3D Motion Capture System and Kistler 3D Force Measurement Table.Single-Leg Countermovement Jump(SLCMJ),Single-Leg Broad Jump(SLBJ),Single-Leg Lateral Jump(SLLJ)and stomping techniques were tested.The Pearson’s correlation analyses of the lower limb joint angles,joint mobility and centre of gravity displacements were carried out with the asymmetry indices.The results showed that the asymmetry index was SLCMJ(5.64)>SLBJ(4.2)>SLLJ(3.44).There were highly significant differences(P<0.01)between the dominant and non-dominant stirrup leg in terms of hip flexion and knee rotation at the moment of knee lifting,hip flexion and rotation at the moment of stirrup extension,knee flexion and extension at the moment of stirrup extension,and range of Motion of the Rotator(ROM)(p<0.01).There were significant differences between the dominant side and the non-dominant stirrup leg in hip internal rotation angle at the moment of knee lift,knee flexion angle at the moment of stirrup extension,,knee rotation ROM at the moment of knee lift,and knee flexion,extension and rotation ROM at the moment of knee flexion and retraction(p<0.05).There were significant differences between the dominant side and the non-dominant support leg in knee flexion at the moment of flexion and retraction angle,ankle rotation ROM and centre of gravity displacement in the left-right direction at the time of stomping and extending(p<0.05).The lower limb asymmetry index was highly positive correlated with the hip and knee rotation angles of the stomping and supporting legs,and the left-right direction of the non-dominant centre of gravity displacement.The lower limb asymmetry index was moderately negative correlated with the hip flexion angle of the stomping and extending leg,the hip flexion angle of the supporting leg,the dominant centre of gravity displacement,and the hip flexion angle of the supporting leg,as well as the dominant centre of gravity displacement.The lower limb asymmetry index showed a highly significant moderate negative correlation with the hip flexion angle of the stomping leg,the hip flexion angle of the supporting leg,and the anterior-posterior direction of the predominant eccentric displacement.It could be seen that high level Taijiquan players had better stability and balance control ability in the kicking process on the dominant side compared to the non dominant side support leg.The non dominant side had a greater range of hip and knee joint movements during the knee lifting and kicking stages compared to the dominant side extension leg.Therefore,there was a significant correlation between the asymmetry of lower limb function and the performance of kicking movements in high-level Taijiquan players.