基于史源学考察的金中都城门问题补证

Supplementary Evidence on the Gates of the Capital of the Jin Dynasty Based on the Study of Historical Sources

金贞元元年(1153)海陵王迁都燕京,称金中都。《金史·地理志》记载中都有城门十三,而《大金国志》《金虏图经》《析津志》等文献却称金中都城门十二。针对这两种不同说法,自清代以来学者多有解释讨论,目前学界倾向于认为金中都城门初有十二,后于东北增辟光泰门,成十三之数,又正北“通玄门”曾改名“清夷门”。但这一论断的得出缺乏对相关文献史料源流的充分辨析,且对增辟光泰门及改通玄门名的时间亦论证不清。实际上,其实若从史源学的角度出发,重新梳理相关文献记载,厘清源流,既可补证上述论断,还可进一步推定金章宗为游幸万宁宫的便利而增辟光泰门,“通玄门”改名“清夷门”则是金宣宗迁都汴梁后因避忌蒙古而追改的结果,进而丰富我们对金中都城门制度的认识。

In the first year of Jin Zhenyuan(1153),the Emperor Hailing moved the capital to Yanjing,called Jin Zhong Du.Jin Shi Di Li Zhi recorded that there were 13 gates of the outer city wall of Zhong Du,while Da Jin Guo Zhi,Jin Lu Tu Jing and Xi Jin Zhi called it 12 gates of Jin Zhong Du.In view of these two different records,scholars have explained and discussed since the Qing Dynasty,and the academia currently tends to consider that the gates of Jin Zhong Du were twelve at the beginning,and then the Guangtai Gate was built in the northeast,becoming thirteen,and the gate of Tongxuan was renamed Qing Yi.However,this conclusion lacks a full analysis of the sources of relevant documents and historical materials,and the time of building Guangtai Gate and the name change of Tongxuan Gate are also unclear.In fact,from the perspective of historical sources,if we re-sort the relevant documents and clarify the sources of historical materials,we can not only confirm the above conclusion,but also infer that Emperor Zhangzong built a new Guangtai Gate for the convenience of visiting Wanning Palace,and the change of Tongxuan Gate to Qingyi was the result of Emperor Xuanzong s change to avoid the name referring to Mongolia after he moved the capital to Bianliang.