“珲春事件”与日本推行地缘扩张战略的尝试

The Hunchun Incident and Japan's Attempts to Promote Its Geographical Expansion Strategy

延边地处中国吉林东部边疆,战略位置十分重要。日俄战争后,东亚国际形势激变,其军事价值愈发凸显,日本舰舰已久,企图伺机控制。朝鲜“三一运动”爆发后,延边随之爆发了“三一三运动”,为清剿韩人反日武装维护朝鲜殖民统治,更为推进对华地缘扩张,日本利用马贼两度袭击自己驻珲春的领事分馆,借端出兵,发起“庚申年大讨伐”,制造了数起血腥惨案。“珲春事件”爆发后,日本不断增兵,企图以武力推进对华扩张的地缘纵深,但遭到了中方的极力抵制与国际舆论的强烈遣责。日本见强占尚不现实,遂决定有限撤军,转而以外交手段来展开索赔交涉、推进地缘扩张。日本一边与北洋政府谈判,一边诱迫奉系军阀张作霖妥协,企图把地方性质的“日奉交涉”升级为双边性质的“日中交涉”,但遭到了北洋政府的强烈反对,奉系的对日妥协也遭到了全民遣责,交涉几起几停,最终成了悬案。尽管在中方的抵制与国际社会的牵制下,日本推进地缘扩张的武力尝试与外交行动皆告失败,但却顺利达成了“明撤暗留”的战略目标,这为日后中国东三省的国防安全埋下了巨大隐惠。

Located in the eastern border of Jilin province of China,Yanbian has its crucial strategic position.After the Russo-Japanese War,the international situation in East Asia changed dramatically and the military value of Yanbian became increasingly more prominent.Japan had coveted Yanbian for a long time and attempted to control it.After the 1919 Independence Movement of Korea,the‘March 13 Movement'broke out in Yanbian subsequently.In order to eliminate the anti-Japan forces of Korea,maintain its colonial rule in Korea,and realise its purpose of the geographical expansion in China,Japan manipulated the horse thieves to attack its own consulate in Hunchun twice and took advantage of such attacks as an excuse to launch several massacres in Hunchun.After the outbreak of the Hunchun Incident,Japan continued to increase its troops in Northeast China.With its military forces,it attempted to continuously promote the depth of its geographical expansion in China.However,its attempts were strongly resisted by China and fiercely condemned by the international public opinion.Japan realised that the occupation by force was impracticable and decided to withdraw its troops at a limited extent,with the plan of promoting geopolitical expansion and claiming the indemnity through the diplomatic means.While negotiating with the Beiyang government of China,Japan cajoled and coerced Zhang Zuolin,the Feng Faction warlord,to compromise,attempting to upgrade the local‘Japanese-Feng Faction negotiation'to a bilateral‘Sino-Japanese negotiation'.This was strongly opposed by the Beiyang government.Zhang's compromise to Japan was also severely condemned by people across the whole country.The negotiation was conducted in multiple times and eventually became an unsettled case.Because of the Chinese resistance and the containment of the international community,Japan failed to achieved its goal of promoting geopolitical expansion by both force attempts and diplomatic actions.