基于定量血流分数的冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后分支灌注受损的危险因素分析

Analysis of Risk Factors for Impaired Branch Perfusion After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Coronary True Bifurcation Lesions Based on Quantitative Flow Ratio

目的:拟利用基于Murray定律的定量血流分数分析冠状动脉真性分叉病变介入治疗术后无肉眼可见分支血流减慢而分支出现血流灌注受损的影响因素。方法:连续纳入2022年6月至2023年9月于湖南省人民医院接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的非左主干冠状动脉真性分叉冠心病患者211例,分叉病变共计234支。收集患者的一般临床指标、冠状动脉分叉病变的解剖学特征数据、分支保护方式、术后分支TIMI血流等资料,并对术后分支血管进行基于Murray定律的定量血流分数(μQFR)测定。PCI术后μQFR<0.8认为分支有灌注障碍,分为术后分支灌注受损组(n=51,53支分支病变),另μQFR≥0.8的患者为术后分支灌注正常组(n=160,181支分支病变)。通过多因素Logistic回归分析评估多种临床及解剖学因素对PCI术后分支灌注的影响。结果:所有患者PCI术后分支血流分级均为TIMI3级,术后分支灌注受损组53支(22.6%)血管术后分支μQFR为0.70±0.10,术后分支灌注正常组为0.93±0.05,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与术后分支灌注正常组比较,术后分支灌注受损组分支病变长度、分支参考直径、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率升高,主支与分支直径比、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术前主支μQFR降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后分支开口直径狭窄率(r=-0.490,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.788,P<0.001)、术前分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(r=-0.280,P<0.001)、术后分支最狭窄管腔直径(r=-0.469,P<0.001)、分支病变长度(r=-0.157,P=0.016)与术后分支μQFR呈显著负相关,分支参考直径(r=0.173,P=0.008)、主支分支直径比(r=0.194,P=0.003)、术后分支开口直径(r=0.328,P<0.001)与术后分支μQFR呈正相关,与临床基线资料均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示共有4个因素是术后分支灌注受损的危险因素:术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.228,95%CI:1.144~1.318,P<0.001),术后分支开口直径狭窄率(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.055~1.168,P<0.001),术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率(OR=1.115,95%CI:1.042~1.192,P=0.001),分支病变长度(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.021~1.231,P=0016)。结论:PCI术后分支血流达到TIMI 3级的患者中仍有部分存在血流动力学障碍,PCI术后应积极行功能学评估。术后分支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、术后分支开口直径狭窄率、术后主支最狭窄管腔直径狭窄率、分支病变长度是冠状动脉分叉病变PCI术后分支灌注障碍的危险因素。

Objectives:Present study aimed to use quantitative flow ratio based on Murray's law to analyze the risk factors of impaired side branches perfusion without naked eye visible slowing of blood flow in branches after interventional treatment of true bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries.Methods:A total of 211 patients with non-left main coronary artery true bifurcation coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from June 2022 to September 2023 were continuously enrolled,with a total of 234 bifurcation lesions.The general clinical indicators,anatomical characteristics of coronary artery bifurcation lesions,branch protection methods,postoperative branch TIMI blood flow and other data were collected,and quantitative flow ratio(μQFR)was measured for postoperative branch blood vessels.Post-PCIμQFR<0.8 was considered as impaired branch perfusion and was included in the postoperative impaired branch perfusion group(n=51,53 branch lesions).Patients withμQFR≥0.8 were included in the postoperative normal branch perfusion group(n=160,181 branch lesions).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of various clinical and anatomical factors on branch perfusion after PCI.Results:The post-PCI branch flow grading of all patients was TIMI grade III.The postoperative branchμQFR of 53 vessels(22.6%)in the group with impaired postoperative branch perfusion was 0.70±0.10,and 0.93±0.05 in the group with normal postoperative branch perfusion,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared with the postoperative group with normal branch perfusion,the postoperative group with impaired branch perfusion was featured with an elevated branch lesion length,branch reference diameter,postoperative branch opening diameter stenosis rate,postoperative branch narrowest lumen diameter stenosis rate,and a lower main branch-to-branch diameter ratio,preoperative branch narrowest lumen diameter stenosis rate,and preoperative main branchμQFR,all of which were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The postoperative branch opening diameter stenosis rate(r=-0.490,P<0.001),postoperative branch narrowest lumen diameter stenosis rate(r=-0.788,P<0.001),preoperative branch narrowest lumen diameter stenosis rate(r=-0.280,P<0.001),branch narrowest lumen diameter(r=-0.469,P<0.001),branch lesion length(r=-0.157,P=0.016)were negatively correlated with postoperative branchμQFR,and branch reference diameter(r=0.173,P=0.008),main branch/side branch diameter ratio(r=0.194,P=0.003),and branch opening diameter(r=0.328,P<0.001)were positively correlated with postoperative branchμQFR,and none of them were significantly correlated with clinical baseline data(all P>0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that following four factors were independent risk factors for impaired branch perfusion:postoperative stenosis of the narrowest branch lumen diameter(OR=1.228,95%CI:1.144-1.318,P<0.001),postoperative stenosis of the branch opening diameter(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.055-1.168,P<0.001),postoperative stenosis of the narrowest lumen diameter of the main branch(OR=1.115,95%CI:1.042-1.192,P=0.001),and length of the branch lesion(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.021-1.231,P=0016).Conclusions:Some of the patients whose branch flow reached TIMI grade III after PCI are still faced the risk of hemodynamical impairment and should be functionally evaluated after PCI.The postoperative stenosis rate of the narrowest branch lumen diameter,postoperative stenosis rate of the branch opening diameter,postoperative stenosis rate of the narrowest lumen diameter of the main branch,and branch lesion length are the risk factors of branch perfusion impairment after PCI for coronary bifurcation lesions.