健康社会决定因素水平与脑卒中发病风险的关系——一项基于全国前瞻性队列的研究

Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Stroke:a National Prospective Cohort Study

目的:探讨健康社会决定因素(social determinants of health,SDOH)水平对脑卒中发病风险的影响,揭示不同SDOH水平地区人群脑卒中主要危险因素。方法:入选中国高血压调查2012~2015年采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法在全国14个省级行政区30个区县中抽取的30036名≥35岁的常驻居民,调查心血管疾病患病及相关危险因素情况,并于2018~2019年随访脑卒中事件。使用主成分分析依据社会经济和医疗资源相关9个指标构建SDOH得分,并根据其三分位数将研究对象分为三组:SDOH得分在≥-2.01~<-1.14分为低SDOH组(n=8343),≥-1.14~<0.10分为中SDOH组(n=7257),≥0.10~≤5.79分为高SDOH组(n=8457)。使用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析SDOH水平与脑卒中发病风险的关系。采用随机生存森林方法探究不同SDOH水平地区脑卒中的主要危险因素。结果:最终纳入24057名研究对象,平均随访(4.7±0.8)年期间,669例(2.8%)发生脑卒中。低、中和高SDOH组脑卒中的发病密度分别为468.39/10万人年、628.85/10万人年和700.39/10万人年(Pdifference<0.05,Ptrend=0.01)。与低SDOH组相比,中、高SDOH组发生脑卒中的HR(95%CI)分别为1.91(1.54~2.36)和1.59(1.30~1.95);随着SDOH水平升高,脑卒中发病风险呈现上升趋势(Ptrend<0.001)。高龄是人群脑卒中首要危险因素,特别是高SDOH水平地区。在中SDOH水平地区,糖尿病是脑卒中的重要的可改变危险因素。低SDOH水平地区,高血压和饮酒是重要的可改变危险因素。结论:脑卒中发病风险与高SDOH水平相关联;不同SDOH水平地区脑卒中的主要危险因素不同。建议通过实施有针对性的干预措施,提高不同SDOH地区人群脑卒中防治效果。

Objectives:To investigate the association between social determinants of health(SDOH)and incident stroke and analyze the main risk factors for stroke among resident with different SDOH levels.Methods:From 2012 to 2015,30036 residents(≥35 years old)from 30 districts in 14 provincial-level administrative divisions in China were enrolled this study based on stratified multi-stage-random-sampling method.The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors were investigated,and stroke events were followed up in 2018 to 2019.Principal component analysis was performed to establish SDOH scores based on 9 indicators related to socioeconomic and healthcare resources,participants were divided into low SDOH group(n=8343)when it was≥-2.01 to<-1.14,middle SDOH group(n=7257)when it was≥-1.14 to<0.10,and high SDOH group(n=8457)when it was≥0.10 to≤5.79.Multivariate Cox regression was applied to estimate the association of SDOH levels with incident stroke.The random survival forest method was used to analyze the major risk factors in different SDOH levels.Results:A total of 24057 participants were finally included,669(2.8%)participants developed stroke during a mean of(4.7±0.8)years follow-up.The incidence densities of stroke in the low,medium,and high SDOH groups were 468.39,628.85,and 700.39/100000 person-years,respectively(Pdifference<0.05,Ptrend=0.01).Compared with individuals with low SDOH level group,fully HR for incident stroke among those with medium and high were 1.91(95%CI:1.54-2.36)and 1.59(95%CI:1.30-1.95),respectively(P trend<0.001).Advanced age is the primary risk factor for stroke in the population,especially in districts with high SDOH level.In districts with medium SDOH level,diabetes is an important risk factor for stroke.High blood pressure and alcohol consumption are important modifiable risk factors in low SDOH level districts.Conclusions:Present study shows that higher levels of SDOH are associated with increased risk of stroke.The main risk factors for stroke differ among participants with different SDOH level districts.Targeted interventions should be implemented to improve the prevention and treatment of stroke in populations with different levels of SDOH.