清代福建契约中的约定银钱折价现象研究

Research on the Agreed Exchange Rate of Silver and Copper Coins in Fujian Contract in the Qing Dynasty

在清代福建契约特别是典契中,长期、大量存在银钱折价记录。其折价有相对固定并远低于银钱时价者,也有浮动并与时价接近者。对相对固定的折价,以往学界或认为当中所涉白银纯为虚银,或将此银数作真实典价看待。本文指出了此中误读,认为该格式下的银钱折价仅是钱计物价的特殊表达。将典契中的各种折价置于典交易具有跨期回赎特点、铜钱货币使用范围扩张、银钱时价不断波动中理解,则土地交易会与货币兑换的“保值一套利”行为融合,形成一种特殊的土地金融市场。详细解释典契中不同的银钱折价,对于厘清契面货币与实际交易货币有别,理解时人在多货币跨期交易中所采取的特定策略具有重要作用。

In Fujian contract in the Qing Dynasty,especially in the Dian contract,there was a long-term and a large number of records of the exchange rate between silver and copper coins.Some exchange rates are relatively fixed and lower than the market exchange rate,some are floating and close to the market exchange rate.For those relatively fixed exchange rates,the research community once thought that the silver mentioned in it was a false reference,and there were also some that considered the silver value to be the real Dian price.This article points out the mistakes and proves that the exchange rate between silver and copper coins in this format is only a special expression of copper coin price of subject matter.Putting the various exchange rates between silver and copper coins in the Dian contract has the characteristics of inter-period redemption,the scope of use of copper coins is expanded,and the market exchange rate is constantly fluctuating to understand,then the land transaction will be integrated with the hedging-arbitrage behavior of currency exchange,forming a special Land financial market.The correct interpretation of the different money exchange rates in Dian contract plays an important role in interpreting the contract,understanding the difference between the accounting currency and the actual transaction currency,and understanding that people at that time would adopt specific strategies in multi-currency intertemporal transactions.