面向DFMA的某地铁停车场构件BIM参数化设计

DFMA-oriented BIM parametric design of a metro component

地铁停车场的构件具有专业多、体量大、形式复杂等特点,其构件建筑信息模型(BIM)创建难度大、重复性工作多、组件拼接复杂、建模效率低,直接影响了BIM在地铁停车场工程中的建造应用与技术推广。该文引入制造业中面向制造与装配(DFMA)的产品设计理念,研究并设计了面向DFMA的地铁停车场构件的快速建模方法。通过对大量地铁停车场构件设计图纸进行梳理,分析图纸中的构件种类、组成规律、数据架构等,形成构件的设计标准。将该标准融入BIM软件中,并基于BIM软件Revit二次开发相应的工具软件实现快速建模。为便于构件的储存与调用,同步开发了基于DFMA的云端构件库,研究模块库的系统架构与数据流程。最后,结合长沙某地区地铁停车场工程案例进行测试对比。结果表明,该方法有效提升了构件建模效率,有助于推动地铁停车场的数字化设计与建造。

[Objective]Metro parking lots are important transit hubs for urban rail transit systems.The metro parking lot construction process involves components with engineering characteristics such as multiple specialization fields,large volumes,and complex forms.Building information modeling(BIM)technology plays a significant role in the project construction process with the advantages of informatization,parametrization,and visualization.Traditional modeling methods have difficulties in BIM model creation,repetitive work,and complex component splicing.This method leads to low modeling efficiency,directly affecting the construction application and promotion of BIM technology in metro parking lot projects.[Methods]This study introduces the product design concept of manufacturing-oriented fabrication and assembly(DFMA).It studies and designs a rapid modeling method for subway parking lot components for DFMA.By combining and analyzing numerous subway parking lot component design drawings,we analyze the component types,composition rules,data architecture,and other data in the drawings.In terms of manufacturing and assembly,we extract the verified design data and form the component design rules.To realize the component modeling method of DFMA,combined with BIM and parametric design,the design standard is realized by integrating it into BIM software and determined from the BIM software platform Revit secondary development tool software to realize rapid modeling.Based on DFMA and the parametric standard components created by the tool software,a cloud-based component library is developed synchronously to facilitate the storage and call of components.This paper studies the module library system architecture and data flow and analyzes the entire life cycle optimization design process based on the cloud-based module library.Finally,the structure of a metro parking lot project in the Changsha area is tested and compared.[Results]The results show that the DFMA-based product design method improved the modeling speed over the traditional method.The modeling speed is increased by approximately 60%on average,and mold loss during component production is reduced by approximately 20%.The created model is highly accurate and can be used to process and manufacture prefabricated components in a factory.Furthermore,the degree of model standardization is greatly improved after preliminary sorting and analysis to formulate the design rules of the components.[Conclusions]This study verifies the feasibility and practicality of the design method using actual engineering cases.The product design concept of DFMA is introduced to associate the design and production of the components.According to the BIM software Revit,the parametric design of the components is realized,and the application of DFMA is associated with manufacturing and installing subway parking lot components,making the components easy to produce and install.In addition,the design method accelerates the development of BIM technology in metro parking lots and strengthens digital collaboration in design and production.This helps to promote the digital design and construction of metro parking lots.