肿瘤相关三级淋巴结构在免疫治疗研究中的前沿进展

Advances on tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures in immunotherapy

三级淋巴结构(TLS)是近年来在慢性炎症刺激的非淋巴组织中发现的异位淋巴结构,与淋巴结具有相似的结构和功能,主要由B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞和树突状细胞组成,也是抗肿瘤免疫应答启动的直接部位。肿瘤中TLS促进免疫细胞,特别是T细胞和B细胞等效应免疫细胞,向肿瘤微环境聚集,为抗肿瘤的细胞和体液免疫应答提供一个重要的局部场所,预示患者可能有良好的生存预后和积极的免疫治疗反应。本文概述了肿瘤相关TLS的评估鉴定、结构与组成、以及形成的驱动因素,并阐述了TLS作为潜在生物标志物在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用及潜在临床运用价值。此外,本文还讨论了TLS在肿瘤免疫治疗中的挑战和未来研究方向。

Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS)are ectopic lymphoid structures found in non-lymphoid tissues under chronic inflammatory conditions in recent years.Similar to lymph nodes,TLS primarily consist of B lymphocytes,T lymphocytes,and dendritic cells.TLS are also the direct sites where antitumor immune responses are initiated.Within tumors,TLS promote the aggregation of immune cells,particularly effector T cells and B cells,to the tumor microenvironment,providing an important local site for cellular and humoral antitumor immune responses.This underscores their potential to predict favorable patient prognosis and positive responses to immune therapies.This review provides an overview of assessing and characterizing tumor-associated TLS,detailing their structural elements,composition,and the factors driving their formation.Furthermore,it explores TLS as promising biomarkers in tumor immunotherapy and their prospective clinical applications.The review also addresses the challenges and future prospects of TLS in the context of tumor immunotherapy.