胆固醇代谢与免疫反应

Cholesterol metabolism and immune response

胆固醇及多种胆固醇代谢物是细胞膜和细胞器膜的最重要的组成成分,在调控细胞膜的流动性和通透性、脂筏的形成、信号传导等方面发挥着重要作用。最近的研究表明,胆固醇中间代谢产物及其衍生物参与调控免疫细胞的增殖、分化、迁移、效应功能或者耗竭功能、免疫监视或者免疫逃逸等多种功能,靶向胆固醇代谢能够干预感染、炎症和肿瘤等多种疾病进程。本文主要介绍感染、肿瘤或炎症反应过程中,胆固醇代谢酶和代谢物参与调节免疫细胞生理或病理功能的研究进展。

Cholesterol and its various metabolites are essential components of cell and organelle membranes,playing crucial roles in regulating membrane mobility,permeability,lipid raft formation,and signal transduction.Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol intermediates and their derivatives are involved in a variety of biological functions in immune cells,including proliferation,differentiation,migration,effector activity,exhaustion,immune surveillance,and immune evasion.Targeting cholesterol metabolism can influence the progression of various diseases,such as infections,inflammation,and tumors.This article reviews recent advances in understanding how cholesterol metabolic enzymes and metabolites regulate the physiological and pathological functions of immune cells during infections,tumors,and inflammatory responses.