妊娠早期母胎界面NK细胞研究进展

Research progress on maternal-fetal interface NK cells in early pregnancy

蜕膜作为一种妊娠时特化的子宫内膜,在促进胚胎生长和维持免疫耐受方面起到至关重要作用。研究表明,蜕膜组织中富集以自然杀伤NK细胞和巨噬细胞为主的大量免疫细胞。在正常妊娠时,各种免疫细胞或非免疫细胞互相调节使母胎界面整体处于免疫平衡状态,而一旦该免疫平衡被打破则可能导致各种妊娠疾病,例如复发性自然流产、子痫前期和胚胎宫内生长受限等。本综述重点总结了妊娠前3个月蜕膜NK细胞的来源、亚群、生理功能和病理作用。

The decidua,a specialized endometrium during pregnancy,plays a crucial role in promoting embryonic growth and maintaining immune tolerance.Recent research shows that decidual tissue is enriched with a large number of immune cells,primarily natural killer(NK)cells and macrophages.During normal pregnancy,various immune and non-immune cells regulate each other to maintain an overall immune balance at the maternalfetal interface.Disruption of this immune balance can lead to various pregnancy-related complications,such as recurrent spontaneous abortion,preeclampsia,and intrauterine growth restriction.This review highlights the sources,subsets,physiological functions,and pathological roles of decidual NK cells during the first trimester of pregnancy.