大型水库健康评价方法与应用——以大渡河瀑布沟水库为例

Large reservoir health evaluation method and application:case of Pubugou Reservoir in Dadu River

水电开发会影响河流水动力和水环境条件,干旱的地理环境、密集的水电工程等复杂的影响因素导致大渡河生态系统比较脆弱,水库生态系统的长期健康运行面临挑战。参考SL/T 793-2020《河湖健康评估技术导则》,基于大渡河瀑布沟水库特性增设针对性指标;融合现场监测和遥感反演技术,全面获取水库水生态数据;综合层次分析法和熵权法识别评价指标权重,构建了更具全面性和准确性的水库健康评价模型,对该水库的生态健康状况进行综合评估和退化风险诊断。结果表明:瀑布沟水库健康状况总体得分为84.16分,属于非常健康状态;水、盆、生物、功能得分分别为92.97,85.66,59.63分和98.14分,反映出瀑布沟水库整体生态健康但生物多样性有待提升的现状。研究结果可为大渡河瀑布沟水库的健康管理和生态综合整治提供科学支撑。

Hydropower development impacts the hydrodynamics and water environment.The vulnerable ecosystem of the Dadu River is affected by factors such as the arid environment and hydropower engineering,posing great challenges to the long-term healthy operation of the reservoir ecosystem.Based on SL/T 793-2020 Technical Guidelines for River and Lake Health Assessment,we added targeted alternative indicators.By integrating historical investigation and field monitoring,as well as remote sensing,comprehensive water ecological data of Pubugou Reservoir was obtained.The analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to identify the weights of evaluation indicators and evaluate the health of the water ecological system of the Pubugou Reservoir in the Dadu River.A more comprehensive and accurate reservoir health assessment model was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the health status of the water ecosystem in the Pubugou Reservoir of the Dadu River and diagnose degradation risks.The evaluation results showed that the evaluation score of the Pubugou Reservoir was 84.16,indicating a very healthy state.The scores for“water”“basin”“biology”and“function”were 92.97,85.66,59.63,and 98.14,respectively,reflecting that the Pubugou Reservoir was ecologically healthy but was needed for improvement in biodiversity.The research can provide scientific support for the future health management and comprehensive ecological improvement of the Pubugou Reservoir in Dadu River.