我国铝加工企业海外投资的现状、风险及对策

Current situation,risks and countermeasures of overseas investment in China's aluminum processing industry

中国是全球最大的铝材生产、消费和出口国。在行业“内卷”严重,国际贸易摩擦频发的背景下,铝加工企业“走出去”可以降低关税及物流成本,是融入全球化竞争、成长为国际化企业的必由之路。当前,铝加工企业“走出去”仍处于起步阶段,步伐正不断加快,在海外已建产能超过60万t/a,呈现出紧跟终端客户的全球化布局、海外投资地呈集群式发展、多种投资模式并举、重点关注具有投资优惠政策的国家和地区等特征。但“出海掘金”并非坦途,将面临政治、经济等外部风险以及供应链不完整带来的成本提升、本土化管理难度大、反规避贸易调查等挑战。我国铝加工企业应审视新形势下的综合成本,选择适合自身的海外投资方式,从长远发展角度平衡风险与收益,不宜盲目跟进。

China is the global largest aluminum producer,consumer and exporter.Aluminum fabrication enterprises are becoming embroiled in serious industry involution and suffering frequent international trade frictions.Going overseas will reduce tariffs and logistics costs for enterprises and also pave the way for them to fit into global competition and grow into international enterprises.At present,aluminum fabrication enterprises are just launching their steps in going global,the pace is accelerating,and overseas production capacity has been more than 600 kt/a,showing the features of global layout closely following the end customers,cluster development of overseas investment destinations,multiple investment models,and a focus on countries and regions with investment preferential policies.However,overseas trading will not see a royal path,as it will face external risks such as politics and economy,as well as cost increases caused by incomplete supply chains,difficulty in localization management,and challenges in anti-circumvention trade investigations.China's aluminum fabrication enterprises should examine the comprehensive cost in the new context,choose the suitable way of overseas investment,balance risks and benefits from the perspective of longterm development,and not blindly follow up.