超大城市相对贫困治理:学理探析与国际经验

Governance of Relative Poverty in Megacities:Theoretical Analysis and International Experience

随着脱贫攻坚目标的完成,我国贫困治理已从绝对贫困治理向相对贫困治理、从农村贫困治理向城乡贫困共治的新阶段转型。从理论机理来看,超大城市作为区域甚至全国的经济增长极,具有发展机遇更多、资源稀缺性更强和社会结构更复杂等特殊性,相应地,超大城市相对贫困治理也呈现出主动贫困、贫困放大和多元贫困等问题,需要以发展匹配、社会保障和分类治理为治理靶向发力;而国际主要城市的贫困治理发展历程及相应措施也为中国超大城市相对贫困治理提供了贫困测度、差异化治理、最低工资标准等有益经验。基于此,超大城市相对贫困治理需要形成包含贫困测度、人力培育、协调发展、“提低”保障和分类精准治理等具体措施的政策体系。

With the completion of poverty alleviation goals,China's poverty governance has transformed from absolute poverty governance,and rural poverty governance to a new stage of relative poverty governance,and urban-rural poverty co-governance.From a theoretical perspective,megacities,as regional and even national economic growth poles,have more development opportunities,stronger resource scarcity,and more complex social structures.Correspondingly,the governance of relative poverty in megacities also presents problems such as active poverty,poverty amplification,and multiple poverty.It is necessary to focus on development matching,social security,and classified governance as governance targets.The development process and corresponding measures of poverty governance in major international cities have also provided useful experience for relative poverty measurement,differentiated governance,and minimum wage standards in relative poverty governance in megacities in China.Based on this understanding,the governance of relative poverty in megacities needs to form a policy system that includes specific measures such as poverty measurement,human resources cultivation,coordinated development,“lowering”protection,and classified and precise governance.