A356铝合金热处理工艺的数值模拟

Numerical Simulation on Heat Treatment Process for A356 Aluminum Alloy

基于Abaqus有限元分析软件,研究A356铝合金经热处理后的温度变化规律以及残余应力的大小和分布情况,并对A356铝合金进行拉伸模拟,将得到的拉伸模拟结果与实际拉伸试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,固溶处理可以有效消除材料表面的残余应力,尤其是可以基本消除合金棱边处的残余应力,而淬火后合金的残余应力反而变大。经过时效处理后合金表面的残余应力明显减小,能有效避免裂纹的产生,在固溶温度为555℃时铝合金的残余应力最小,约为77 MPa,此时A356铝合金的抗拉强度最大,约为300 MPa,与拉伸试验结果符合。采用有限元分析软件对A356铝合金的热处理进行模拟分析,验证最佳固溶温度并计算出最小残余应力,对抗拉强度进行预测,为工程结构应用可提供一定参考。

The temperature variation of A356 aluminum alloy after heat treatment and the magnitude and distribution of residual stress were studied based on Abaqus finite element analysis software.And the tensile simulation of A356 aluminum alloy was carried out,and the tensile simulation results were compared with the actual tensile test results.The results show that the solution treatment can effectively eliminate the residual stress on the surface of the material,especially the residual stress at the edge of the alloy.The residual stress of the alloy becomes larger after quenching.After aging treatment,the residual stress on the alloy surface is obviously reduced,which can effectively avoid cracks.When the solid solution temperature is 555℃,the residual stress is the smallest,about 77 MPa.At this time,the tensile strength of A356 aluminum alloy is the largest,about 300 MPa,which are in accordance with the results of tensile test.By using finite element analysis software,the heat treatment of A356 aluminum alloy is simulated and analyzed,the optimum solution temperature is verified,the minimum residual stress is calculated,and the tensile strength is predicted,which can provide a certain reference for the application of engineering.