20世纪大国政治与巴勒斯坦问题的悲剧

Great Power Politics and the Tragedy of the Palestinian Issue in the 20^(th) Century

在20世纪,大国政治对巴勒斯坦问题形成、发展产生了严重的消极影响。一战时期,西方列强对中东的争夺和充满矛盾的安排,直接导致了巴勒斯坦问题的产生;基于一战后英国对巴勒斯坦委任统治失败的现实,美国和苏联在二战后就不合理的巴以分治方案达成一致,导致了阿以冲突的长期化和巴勒斯坦问题被搁置;20世纪五六十年代,争霸中东成为美苏中东政策的核心,巴勒斯坦问题遭到严重忽视;70年代,巴勒斯坦问题在美、苏中东政策中的重要性有所上升,但巴勒斯坦的民族权利和建国权利仍未得到重视;80年代,美国提出中东和平方案,而苏联则支持阿拉伯国家的“拒绝阵线”进行反对,导致阿拉伯世界进一步分化和巴勒斯坦问题的复杂化。追溯历史可以发现,巴勒斯坦问题的悲剧在本质上是殖民主义、帝国主义、霸权主义推行大国政治、争夺中东霸权的产物,其根本原因在于大国强权从自身利益出发制造和操控巴勒斯坦问题,进而使巴勒斯坦问题成为久拖不决的世纪难题。

In the 20^(th)Century,great power politics has had a serious negative impact on the formation and development of the Palestinian issue.During World War Ⅰ,competition for the Middle East and the contradictory arrangement directly led to the Palestinian problem;British failed commission rule in Palestine after World War Ⅰ,the United States and the Soviet Union agreed on an unreasonable separation of Palestine and Israel because of their respective strategic considerations.After World War Ⅱ,these have led to the lengthening of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the suspension of the Palestinian issue.In the 1950s and 60s,struggle for supremacy in the Middle East became the core of the US-Soviet Middle East policy,and the Palestinian issue was seriously ignored.In the 1970s,the importance of the issue in U.S.-Soviet Middle East policy was risen,however,Palestinian national rights and their nation-founding rights have not been taken seriously.In the 1980s,the United States proposed a Middle East peace plan,while the Soviet Union supported the Arab"rejection front",which led to further fragmentation of the Arab world and complicating the Palestinian issue.Tracing back to the history,it can be found that the great power politics has had a serious impact on the continuation,complication and marginalization of the Palestinian issue.First,Western colonialism,imperialism and manipulation by the United States and the Soviet Union are the root causes of the Palestinian issue.Second,during the Cold War,the United States and the Soviet Union denied the Palestinian national rights and opposed the nation-founding of the Palestine.Third,the favoritism of the United States towards Israel,and the division of the Arab world made by the United States and the Soviet Union are the important reasons for the power imbalance in the Arab-Israeli conflict and the continuous weakening and differentiation of the Arab states,which have had a serious negative impact on the Palestinian issue.In short,the tragedy of the Palestinian issue was essentially the product of colonialism,imperialism and hegemonism which carried out the great power politics and competed for hegemony in the Middle East.The fundamental reason was that the great powers created and manipulated the Palestinian issue from their own interests,thus making the Palestinian issue a protracted problem of the century.