以色列基础教育数字化转型中的数字鸿沟及其治理

Exploring Digital Divide Governance in Digital Transformation of Basic Education in Israel

以色列成为中东地区的经济强国,其重要原因在于实施科教兴国战略,基础教育则被视为科教兴国战略的基石。以色列基础教育的宗旨是培育全面发展的优秀人才,助力国家经济及社会发展。进入21世纪以来,数字经济赋能传统产业转型升级。以色列在大力普及互联网的同时,注重推广基础教育数字化,并建设了完善的国家数字学习平台,以数字化赋能教育。但基础教育数字化转型进程因受国家教育政策、家庭经济收入、社会文化及家长代际传递因素的影响,师生及家长间数字鸿沟问题日渐凸显。为了弥合数字鸿沟,以色列政府采取以优质均衡为政策导向,增加投资缩小族群差距,以观念引导提升教师队伍质量等多措并举,以推动基础教育优质均衡发展。尽管目前以色列基础教育的数字化转型发展还存在一定的局限性,但整体看来,其数字化发展战略的先行先试、数字鸿沟的有效治理等做法有助于提升基础教育的内涵与质量,也对发展中国家具有一定的启示作用。

Israel has become an economic powerhouse in the Middle East,with one of the keys being the implementation of a strategy to rejuvenate the nation through science and education,where basic education is seen as the cornerstone of this strategy.The aim of basic education in Israel is to cultivate well-rounded,excellent talents to boost national economic and social development.Entering the 21st century,while vigorously popularizing the internet,Israel has focused on promoting the digitization of basic education and has built a comprehensive national digital learning platform to empower education through digitization.However,the digital process of basic education is influenced by national education policies,family income,social culture,and parental inter-generational transmission,and the digital divide among teachers,students,and parents is becoming increasingly prominent.To bridge the digital divide,the Israeli government has taken multiple measures to promote the balanced development of basic education,such as adopting a policy orientation of high-quality balance,increasing investment to narrow the gap between groups,and guiding the improvement of teacher quality with concepts.Although there are still some limitations in the digital transformation development of basic education in Israel at present in general,its pioneering digital development strategy and effective governance of the digital divide contribute to enhancing the connotation and quality of basic education,and also have certain implications for developing countries.