药品标签信息无障碍化的分析框架与问题发现

Accessibility of Drug Label Information:Analytical Framework and Problem Identification

2023年实施的《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》,标志着中国的“无障碍改造”由面向残疾人和老年人向全人群“需要者”延伸,其中药品标签无障碍改造的规定即关涉全人群的用药安全。随机抽样选取100种日常家用药品,从药品标签的信息结构、语篇形式、符号模态3个角度考察、分析,发现在国家有关法规的不断推动下,中国药品标签的信息无障碍已普遍达到一定的水准,不过依然存在一系列问题有待改进:在信息结构上,需进一步突显“警示语”;在语篇结构上,应贯彻“消费者视角”的“重要性领先”原则,将适应症/功能主治、用法用量等最终消费者认为的最重要信息置于显著位置;在符号模态上,应进一步强化盲文意识和英文意识,更需要改善涉时间信息的无色钢印形式,以免给多数消费者造成识别障碍。由此,本文为语言学介入社会语言生活探索出一个基于言语行为的分析框架,即“信息结构的要素分布+语篇结构的排列方式+符号模态的形貌修辞”。

The implementation of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Construction of Accessible Environment in 2023 marks the extension of the target population of China’s“accessibility transformation”from people with disabilities and the elderly to the entire population in need.The provisions on accessibility transformation of drug labels are related to the safety of medication for the entire population.In this study,100 kinds of daily household medicines were randomly sampled and analyzed from three perspectives:information structure,discourse form,and symbol mode of drug labels.It was found that with the continuous promotion of relevant national regulations,the information accessibility of drug labels in China has reached a certain level.However,there are still some problems.In terms of information structure,it is necessary to highlight“warning signs”.In terms of discourse structure,the principle of consumer-centric should be implemented,and the most important information perceived by the end consumer,such as functions and indications,dosage and administration,should be placed in a prominent position.In terms of symbol mode,it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of using Braille and English,and more importantly,improve the colorless steel stamp form of time-related information to avoid creating recognition barriers for most consumers.Thus,an analytical framework based on speech acts has been constructed for the intervention of linguistics in social language life,which includes the distribution of information structure elements,the arrangement of discourse structures,and the morphological rhetoric of symbol modes.