汉语听障儿童“把”字句动核遗漏现象研究

Study on the Verb-core Omission of Ba-construction in Chinese Children with Hearing impairment

本文基于临床语言学的视角,以“把”字句这一典型的特殊句式为考察对象,重点分析汉语听障儿童“把”字句的动核结构,并对动核结构成分遗漏,特别是动核遗漏现象,进行了深入考察。结果表明,听障被试存在明显的动核遗漏现象,且在类型、句式等方面均呈现出规律性特点,表现出与典型发展儿童的一致性以及区别于典型发展儿童的特异性。最后,本研究发现,语言输人与句法结构复杂性均会影响“把”字句动核遗漏,尤以前者最为重要。本研究基于临床数据,通过对听障儿童“把”字句动核遗漏的系统考察,为听障儿童“把”字句习得研究提供了新的视角,并为听障儿童的临床语言康复提供了参考与建议。

This article investigates ba-construction from the perspective of clinical linguistics.Using case-tracking method,it analyzed the verb-core structure of baconstruction in the expressions of Chinese children with hearing impairment.Our focus is on the omission of specific constituents,particularly the verb-core itself,within this structure.Our findings revealed that hearing-impaired children demonstrated a tendency to omit verbcores in ba-construction.Notably,the distribution of these omissions across sentence structures was significantly broader compared to typically developing children of similar physiological ages.When examining the characteristics of these omissions,we found some patterns that aligned with those observed in typically developing children,consistent with previous research on other exceptional children.However,we also identified specific differences that distinguished the hearing-impaired group.These findings suggest that while exceptional children possess the ability to acquire ba-construction,their trajectory differs from that of typically developing children.Specifically,they lag behind in terms of both the quality and quantity of acquisition.To further understand these outcomes,we delved into the underlying reasons.External factors,particularly linguistic input,played a crucial role.Specifically,the forms and strategies employed by parents,therapists,and others when interacting with hearingimpaired children had a significant impact on verb-core omissions in ba-construction.Additionally,given the inherent complexity of the verb-core in ba-construction,the linguistic abilities of hearing-impaired children may not yet be fully developed to process it completely and accurately,leading to these omissions.Based on clinical evidence,this study investigated the omission of verb-core in baconstruction systematically,providing a new perspective on the acquisition of baconstruction,with references and suggestions for language rehabilitation for hearingimpaired children.Firstly,therapists should select appropriate language rehabilitation content based on children's linguistic abilities when formulating rehabilitation plans.Secondly,therapists should maintain a full and complete intonation during demonstrations,highlighting focal points by increasing syllable length and appropriately adjusting sound intensity to ensure that children receive complete language stimulation.Thirdly,during interactions,therapists should encourage children to attempt verbal communication instead of relying on physical gestures to continually improve their linguistic abilities.Moreover,this research also offered a new perspective on language acquisition among other types of exceptional children.In the future,the corpus sample can be further expanded,combining synchronic and diachronic studies to systematically investigate the dynamic changes and specificities of verb-core omissions in ba-construction and beyond.