河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

Efficient water-saving and non-point source pollution prevention and control technology for agriculture in Hetao Irrigation District

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

In response to the problems of water resource shortage and severe agricultural non-point source pollution in Hetao Irrigation District,research on efficient water-saving and non-point source pollution prevention and control technologies for agriculture in irrigation district is carried out from different spatial scales and governance links.This research has developed a technology model for regulating and managing agricultural water,fertilizer,salt,and pesticides at the source of pollution(including research on herbicide residues and recommended dosage,response of soil water,nitrogen,salt,and crop growth to water and fertilizer management,reduced film autumn irrigation technology,and secondary salinization soil microbial improvement technology),an oxygen rich ecological ditch pollution interception and purification technology model for agricultural drainage,and a regional scale spatial analysis and identification technology for non-point source pollution,integrated and constructed an efficient and water-saving agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology system that runs through source control,process pollution reduction,regional pollution detection,and system pollution control.Based on current research and new development concepts,this article proposes several understandings on the research of soil and water resources in Hetao Irrigation District,which provides important support for the high-quality development of Hetao Irrigation District and offers important reference for similar irrigation districts.