我国城市再生水利用现状及政策建议

Current situation and policy suggestions on the utilization of regenerated water in Chinese cities

我国水资源总量充沛,但人均占有量严重不足,水量短缺、开发利用效率低、水质恶化等城市水问题是制约经济和社会发展的重大问题。再生水具有总量大、丰富易得、处理成本较低、水质稳定的特点,可以增加供水、减少排污、优化水资源配置体系、提高水资源利用效率,是应对城市水问题的重要资源。文章介绍了再生水的基本概念、分类、相关的国家标准体系及执行情况以及目前典型城市的利用现状,分析了当前再生水利用中存在的不足和问题,并从因地制宜分区域制定政策、充分发挥市场调节作用、建立健全政策法规体系和鼓励再生水利用技术创新发展四个方面为未来城市再生水利用的政策制定提供相关建议。

The total amount of water resources in China is abundant,but the per capita occupancy is severely insufficient and urban water problems such as water shortage,low development and utilization efficiency,and deteriorating water quality are major issues that constrain economic and social development.Regenerated water has the characteristics of large total amount,abundant availability,low treatment cost,and stable water quality.It can increase water supply,reduce pollution,optimize water resource allocation system,and improve water resource utilization efficiency.It is an important resource to address urban water problems.This article introduces the basic concept,classification,relevant national standard system and implementation status of regenerated water,as well as the current utilization status of typical cities.It analyzes the shortcomings and problems in the current use of regenerated water,and provides relevant suggestions for future policy formulation of urban regenerated water utilization in terms of formulating policies based on local conditions and regions,fully leveraging the role of market regulation,establishing a sound policy and regulatory system and encouraging innovative development of regenerated water utilization technology.