长期护理保险筹资机制:中德对比及经验借鉴——基于第一批15个试点城市

Financing Mechanism of Long-term Care Insurance:Comparison between China and Germany and Experience Reference——Based on the First Batch of 15 Pilot Cities

目前我国老龄化进程快,老年人在变老过程中可能会出现失能的风险,失能将给家庭带来巨大的照护压力。长期护理保险是解决失能老年人照护需求、减轻家庭照护和经济压力的重要途径。从筹资对象、筹资渠道和筹资责任分担三方面分别与德国的长期护理保险进行对比,据此提出建议:扩大参保对象范围,实现制度的广覆盖;建立商业长期护理保险,与社保互补;设立单独险种,建立独立的筹资体系;拓宽多元筹资渠道,完善责任均衡等。

With the rapid aging process in China,elderly individuals may face the risk of disability as they age,which can impose tremendous caregiving pressure on families.Long-term care insurance serves as a crucial approach to addressing the caregiving needs of disabled elderly individuals and alleviating the financial and caregiving burdens on families.This article compares China s long-term care insurance with Germany s from three perspectives:funding targets,funding channels,and the distribution of funding responsibilities.Based on this comparison,suggestions are proposed,including expanding the scope of insurance participants to achieve wide coverage of the system,establishing commercial long-term care insurance to complement social insurance,creating a separate insurance category and an independent funding system,and broadening diversified funding channels to achieve balanced responsibilities.