46例猫肥厚性心肌病的超声心动图临床分析

Echocardiographic clinical analysis of 46 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

肥厚性心肌病(HCM)是猫最常见的一种心肌病,家猫的发病率约为15%。心脏超声检查是HCM早期诊断最为准确的工具,可直接检测左心室壁是否存在增厚情况,并且提供心脏形态、瓣膜运动状态、心内血流情况等信息。本研究对46例猫HCM案例的超声心动参数进行了统计学分析,结果显示:舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPW-d)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVS-d)、收缩末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPW-s)、收缩末期室间隔厚度(IVS-s)和左心房/主动脉比值(LA/AO)这5项参数在健康组、亚临床组和发病组之间存在显著差异(P<0.01),各项超声心动参数不受猫的年龄和性别影响;而以LVPW-d、IVS-d、LA/AO这3项参数建立的Logistic回归模型可以准确地对疾病进行诊断和分期。本研究表明,LVPW-d、IVS-d、LA/AO参数对于确诊猫肥厚性心肌病有重要参考价值。

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)is the most common disease of cardiomyopathy in cats,with a prevalence of approximately 15%in domestic cats.Echocardiography is the most accurate method for the early diagnosis of HCM,which can directly detect the presence of thickening of the left ventricular wall and provide information on cardiac morphology,valve motion status,and intracardiac blood flow.In the present study,echocardiographic parameters of 46 cases of cats infected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were statistically analyzed,and the results showed that five parameters demonstrated significant difference among the healthy,subclinical,and morbid groups(P<0.01),including left ventricular posterior wall thickness at the end diastole(LVPW-d),interventricular septum thickness at the end diastole(IVSd),left ventricular posterior wall thickness at the end systole(LVPW-s),interventricular septum thickness at the end diastole(IVS-s),and left atrium/aorta ratio(LA/AO).The echocardiographic parameters were not affected by the age and sex of the cats.The logistic regression model with the three parameters of LVPW-d,IVS-d,and LA/AO could accurately diagnose and determine the staging of HCM.In conclusion,LVPW-d,IVS-d,and LA/AO parameters are valuable in confirming the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats.