保护地役权制度的引入——以我国自然保护地建设为背景

Introduction of Conservation Easement System to Nature Reserves Construction in China

在我国自然保护地建设过程中,因土地权属复杂、集体土地占比较高,如何以低成本的方式,在不损害原住地居民利益的基础上构建起自然保护地体系成为无法回避的问题。为此,在实践中我国采取了以土地租赁、征收、置换与赎买为主要形式的土地权利变动方式。虽然在一定程度上对自然保护地的建设起到了推动作用,但一旦涉及广泛应用,仍无法根治土地权利变动成本与公私利益冲突的问题。保护地役权制度在我国钱江源国家公园的实践已为生态环境保护提供了新的思路,美国保护地役权制度与法国行政地役权制度的实施更是充分体现出保护地役权制度的优势及其较强的适应性。基于此,应考虑在我国法律体系中引入保护地役权制度,为推动自然保护地建设提供新的思路与方案。

During the construction of protected areas in China,how to establish protected area system in a low-cost way but without harming the rights and interests of people who have settled there for generations is an unavoidable problem as the result of the complex land ownership and the relatively high proportion of collective land.Hence,China adopts leasing,requisition,replacement and redemption as main ways to land right change.Although they have promoted the construction of protected area to a certain extent,they cannot eradicate the primary problems including cost of land right change and public-private interests conflicts once they are widely applied.The conservation easement applied in Qianjiangyuan National Park provides a new idea for eco-environment protection.And the conservation easement implemented in the USA and administrative easement in France specially reflects the advantages and the strong adaptability of conservation easement system.Based on the analysis,it is proposed to consider introducing the conservation easement system into China's legal system,so as to provide new ideas and solutions for promoting the construction of protected area.