西南山地玉米育种新一轮骨干自交系SCML0849的选育与应用

Breeding and Application of the Elite Inbred Line SCML0849 in a New Roundof Maize Breeding in Southwest China

20世纪末,针对西南区21世纪初及可见将来对玉米品种与产业发展的迫切要求,遵循“生态育种”的基本原理,并基于前期“温带种质优良自交系是选育西南玉米强优势杂交种的最重要亲本自交系”的研究结论,定向合成了“REID种质育种用群体”。通过紧密结合常规遗传育种方法与现代分子生物学技术,集成创新了以“配合力早期测定、目标区域与高密度种植鉴定、南北穿梭鉴定选择与钝化光周期反应、区域抗病抗逆特性一票否决”为主要内容的“特定生态区域育种骨干亲本的定向培育”技术体系,提高了优良自交系的选育效率,育成了集高配合力、高抗西南地区玉米病害与多种抗逆性、高产高效等优良性状于一体的玉米优良自交系SCML0849,组配育成了以川单99为代表的一批稳产高产、高抗多抗、资源高效的玉米强优势杂交种并大面积推广应用。

At the end of the 20th century,the Reid germplasm population was synthesized for maize breeding based on the theory of ecological breeding.Previous experience has concluded that elite inbred lines from the germplasm selected in the temperate zone are the best for Southwest China.The resulting population satisfied the urgent requirements for the development of maize varieties and industries nowadays and future in Sichuan and Southwest China.During the process of synthesis,a technology system was innovated by combining traditional breeding methods with modern molecular tools,and growing the elite parental lines in specific ecological regions for target selection.For improving breeding efficiency,the system has the following steps:determination of general combination ability(GCA)at early stage,high-density planting determination for a target region,field selection back and forth in North and South China for passivation to photoperiod,and one-vote discard for reginal disease-resistance and stress-tolerance.Using this system,the inbred line SCMLO849 has been developed with high GCA,high resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses,high yield,and high nutrient utilization in Southwest China.A number of excellent hybrids have been bred using SCML0849 as a parent,such as Chuandan 99 with stably high yield,high efficiency of fertilizer utilization,high resistance to diseases,and high tolerance to multiple stresses,etc.in Southwest China.As a result,Chuandan 99 has been grown over a large area of Southwest China.