接种方法和接种时期对不同玉米杂交组合穗腐病抗性鉴定的影响

Effects of Inoculation Methods and Inoculation Period on Resistance Evaluation of Ear Rot Diseases across Maize Hybrids

为研究不同接种方法和接种时期对玉米拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病(Fusariumverticillioides ear rot,FER)抗性鉴定的影响,选取高抗×高抗、高抗×高感、高感×高感组合各3份,2022年在北京顺义和河南新乡分别用针刺果穗注射法与双牙签法在玉米吐丝后5、10、15d进行接种。结果表明,吐丝后5、10和15d接种,针刺果穗注射法分别比双牙签法的平均病情严重度高6.3%、3.9%和1.8%;吐丝后5d接种,不同组合采用针刺果穗注射法接种未达到显著差异,采用双牙签法达到极显著差异(P<0.01);吐丝后10d和15d接种,不同组合使用针刺果穗注射法均达到极显著(P<0.01)差异,牙签法均未达到显著差异。采用双牙签法接种时,建议吐丝后5d接种;采用针刺果穗注射法接种时,建议吐丝后10~15d接种。

This study aimed to evaluate resistance of maize to Fusarium verticillioides ear rot(FER)by compar-ing different inoculation methods and periods using three combinations of maize crosses:high resistance x high resis-tance,high resistance×high susceptible and high susceptible×high susceptible.In the summer of 2022,maize was inoculated at 5 d,10 d and 15 d after silking by kernel injection and two-toothpicks in Shunyi,Beijing and Xinx-iang,Henan,respectively.The results showed that the average FER severity by kernel injection was 6.3%,3.9%and 1.8%higher than that by two-toothpicks method at 5 d,10 d and 15 d after silking,respectively.Inoculation at 5 d after silking,there was no significant difference between different hybrids by kernel injection method,but there was highly significant difference by two-toothpicks method(P<0.01).Inoculation at 10 d and 15 d after silking showed highly significant differences(P<0.01)between different hybrids by kernel injection method,but not significant by two-toothpicks method.In conclusion,it is recommended to inoculate at 5 d after silking by the two-toothpick meth-od,while inoculation at 10-15 d after silking by the kernel injection method.