吕振羽《常识讲话》初探

A Study on Lu Zhenyu's Common Sense Talks(Changshi jianghua)

吕振羽1943年4月至11月在延安《解放日报》连载10篇16期的《常识讲话》,通贯中国远古至魏晋南北朝的历史,属于吕振羽学术生涯中通史撰述活动的一部分,系列文章的发表与吕振羽在延安所任教职有关。《常识讲话》的通俗史学路径涉及情节化叙事,历史知识简化,情感色彩浓烈,语言文字运用的通晓畅达等方面,反映了吕振羽为实现新观念指导下历史知识的广泛传播进行深度考量。与30年代的史学主张相较,吕振羽在此对中国古代哲学思想、民族问题、历史人物与事件评价、阶级对抗活动等作出进一步思索。《常识讲话》与《简明中国通史》关联密切,分析两文本也可展现抗战时期重庆与延安两大马克思主义史学阵营不同的历史撰述风格。

From April to November 1943,Lu Zhenyu serialized ten articles in 16 installments in the Yan'an Liberation Daily(Jiefang ribao),titled"Common Sense Talks",which covered the history of China from ancient times to the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties.This series was part of Lu Zhenyu's general historical writings during his academic career,and the publication of the series was related to his teaching position in Yan'an.The popular historical approach of"Common Sense Talks"involved narrative with plots,simplification of historical knowledge,strong emotional coloring,and fluent use of language,reflecting Lu Zhenyu's deep consideration for the widespread dissemination of historical knowledge under the guidance of new ideas.Compared with his historical assertions in the 1930s,Lu Zhenyu further pondered over ancient Chinese philosophical thought,ethnic issues,the evaluation of historical figures and events,and class conflicts in this work."Common Sense Talks"was closely related to Concise General History of China(Jianming Zhongguo tongshi).Analyzing these two texts can reveal the different historical writing styles of the two major Marxist historical camps in Chongqing and Yan'an during the War of Resistance Against Japan.